Passive sampling coupled to ultraviolet irradiation: A useful analytical approach for studying oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in bioavailable mixtures

Forsberg, Norman D.; O’Connell, Steven G.; Allan, Sarah; Anderson, Kim A.

doi:10.1002/etc.2410

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Many more substances, including other polycyclic aromatic substances (e.g., OPAHs), present in urban PM are likely to find their way into water. 42,43 Preliminary analyses of OPAHs in PM material from this study show seven different OPAHs (Table SI-10), with at least five OPAHs present in each sample. Anthraquinone was typically seen at or near the highest concentrations (41−191 ng per g of dry weight), which is consistent with other OPAH data in river water 44 and urban stream sediments.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 79%

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PAH Accessibility in Particulate Matter from Road-Impacted Environments

Allan

O’Connell

Meland

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Snowmelt, surface run-off or stormwater releases in urban environments can result in significant discharges of particulate matter-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into aquatic environments. Recently, more specific activities such as road tunnel washing have been identified as contributing to contaminant load to surface waters. However, knowledge of PAH accessibility in particulate matter (PM) of urban origin that may ultimately be released into urban surface waters is limited. In the present study, we evaluated the accessibility of PAHs associated with seven distinct (suspended) particulate matter samples collected from different urban sources. Laboratory-based infinite sink extractions with silicone rubber (SR) as extractor phase demonstrated a similar pattern of PAH accessibility for most PM samples. Substantially higher accessible fractions were observed for the less hydrophobic PAHs (between 40 and 80 % of total concentrations) compared with those measured for the most hydrophobic PAHs (< 5 % of total concentrations). When focusing on PAHs bound to PM from tunnel wash waters, first-order desorption rates for PAHs with logKow > 5.5 were found in line with those commonly found for slowly or very slowly desorbing sediment-associated contaminants. PAHs with logKow < 5.5 were found at higher desorbing rates. The addition of detergents did not influence the extractability of lighter PAHs but increased desorption rates for the heavier PAHs, potentially contributing to increasing the toxicity of tunnel wash waters when surfactants are used. Implications of total and accessible PAH concentrations measured in our urban PM samples are discussed in a context of management of PAH and PM emission to the surrounding aquatic environment. Although only fully assessing PAHs in this work, further study should consider other contaminants such as OPAHs, which were also detected in all PM samples.

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Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Many more substances including other polycyclic aromatic substances (e.g. OPAHs) are present in urban PM are likely to find their way into water 42, 43 . Preliminary analyses of OPAHs in PM material from this study show seven different OPAHs (Table SI-10), with at least 5 OPAHs present in each sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAH Accessibility in Particulate Matter from Road-Impacted Environments

Allan

O’Connell

Meland

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…2012; Forsberg et al. 2014). The oxy-PAH level has been estimated at up to 12% of total PAHs in marine sediments (Layshock, Wilson and Anderson 2010).…”

Section: Abiotic Factors Determining the Fate Of Pahs In Marine Ecosymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of environmental factors and microorganisms in determining the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the marine environment

Duran¹,

Cravo‐Laureau²

2016

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

211

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread in marine ecosystems and originate from natural sources and anthropogenic activities. PAHs enter the marine environment in two main ways, corresponding to chronic pollution or acute pollution by oil spills. The global PAH fluxes in marine environments are controlled by the microbial degradation and the biological pump, which plays a role in particle settling and in sequestration through bioaccumulation. Due to their low water solubility and hydrophobic nature, PAHs tightly adhere to sediments leading to accumulation in coastal and deep sediments. Microbial assemblages play an important role in determining the fate of PAHs in water and sediments, supporting the functioning of biogeochemical cycles and the microbial loop. This review summarises the knowledge recently acquired in terms of both chronic and acute PAH pollution. The importance of the microbial ecology in PAH-polluted marine ecosystems is highlighted as well as the importance of gaining further in-depth knowledge of the environmental services provided by microorganisms.

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