Passive video forgery detection techniques: A survey

Video content authentication techniques: a comprehensive survey

“…This law was used to develop many double-compression detection approaches for digital images, and usually generated an accuracy of over 90%. When applied to videos, the efficiency of the detector reduced to about 70% [29].…”

“…[8], which are cropped and resized to eliminate objects at the extremities of the frames, thereby producing the forged frames (b) and (d), respectively [9,10] Over the years, a multitude of image forensic techniques have been developed, and have subsequently been analyzed and catalogued in various surveys [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. However, only a few papers [11,[28][29][30][31] have appraised the innovations in the field of video forensics.…”

“…While in [11], only two video forgery detection techniques have been analyzed (the rest of the paper focuses on image tamper detection) [28][29][30] and appraise only a few video forensic techniques. Several noteworthy and contemporary contributions have not been discussed or analyzed, and since an effective survey is expected to be a thorough repository of every relevant and notable piece of research and innovation in any given field, if some important video tamper detection techniques remain un-cited, they might eventually remain unidentified.…”

“…This fact was brought to light by the authors in [29] who stated that multiple compressions were a poorly explored topic and that it was risky to make any assumptions regarding the authenticity of the digital content merely on the basis of the presence of double compression. Their claim was supported by the simple fact that the (perfectly legitimate) digital content available on the Internet usually undergoes more than one compression.…”

Digital Video Inpainting Detection Using Correlation Of Hessian Matrix

“…In order to validate the integrity and authenticity of digital videos, video forensic related approaches were developed. Video forensic has recently witnessed a great deal of concern in the research community because of its extensive applications in different areas ranging from digital media corporations, scientific research, publications, journalism, criminal investigations, and security surveillance systems that require the authentication and verification of a digital video as discussed in [5].The advancement in digital video technology has facilitated the way videos are manipulated using less expensive and affordable softwares such as Premiere 1 and Vegas 2 without leaving a visual trace [6] [7]. Illegal manipulation of digital video is extremely difficult and sometimes impossible to detect using visual examination.…”