Passively Q-switched Tm,Ho:LuLiF4 laser with near constant pulse energy and duration

Engineered Cobalt Single‐Atoms@BiFeO3 Heteronanostructures for Highly Efficient Solar Water Oxidation

“…The PL emission is obtained via radiative recombination of charge–carriers and a lower PL intensity indicates a lower density of recombination and therefore a longer lifetime of photogenerated carriers. [ 39 ] The PL spectra of all BFO (Figure S11A, Supporting Information) and Ti‐BFO‐R (Figure S11B, Supporting Information) samples at an excitation wavelength of 337 nm confirmed that minimum recombination of charge–carriers was observed for BFO‐Co 80 °C and Ti‐BFO‐R‐Co 50 °C . For comparison, the PL spectra of BFO, Ti‐BFO‐R, BFO‐Co 80 °C , and Ti‐BFO‐R‐Co 50 °C are shown in Figure A.…”

Passively Q‐switched Tm:YAP laser with a Ti3AlC2‐based saturable absorber

“…Typically, the actively and passively Q ‐switched (PQS) techniques are effective methods to obtain ultrashort pulses 9–13 . Compared with the actively Q ‐switched technique, the PQS technique with a saturable absorber (SA) is a simple, inexpensive, and practical way to realize nanosecond level pulses in the midinfrared waveband 14,15 . An effective SA, possessing the capabilities of a high damage threshold, a moderate saturation intensity, a broadband saturable absorption property, and ultrafast recovery time, plays a very important role in the PQS lasers 16,17 .…”

“…[9][10][11][12][13] Compared with the actively Q-switched technique, the PQS technique with a saturable absorber (SA) is a simple, inexpensive, and practical way to realize nanosecond level pulses in the midinfrared waveband. 14,15 An effective SA, possessing the capabilities of a high damage threshold, a moderate saturation intensity, a broadband saturable absorption property, and ultrafast recovery time, plays a very important role in the PQS lasers. 16,17 So far, many different SAs, such as semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs), graphene, black phosphorus, and so on, have been adopted in the PQS mode.…”

A 2.22-W Passively Q-Switched Tm3+-Doped Laser With a TiC2 Saturable Absorber

“…Ultra-Short pulsed solid-state lasers operated at 2 µm wavelength coverage, offer strong absorption in human tissue and water, and have been applied in material processing, medical diagnostics, environmental protection surgery, and so on [1]- [4]. PQS technology based on SAs has been proved to be an inexpensive, compact-structured and efficient way in which to achieve microsecond (µs) or nanosecond (ns) pulsing in a laser, and the SAs play an important role in governing the pulse width therein [5], [6]. Compared with traditional SA materials (mainly ion-doped crystals and semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors), many new type two-dimensional (2D) materials with wide bandwidth, involving simple processes, at low cost, have attracted significant attention because of their large modulation depth, highly non-linear effects, and broadband saturable absorption: these may be used as SAs for 1-3 µm ultrashort pulsed laser applications [5]- [8].…”