Past and future trends in nutrient export by 19 rivers to the coastal waters of Indonesia

Suwarno, A.; Löhr, Ansje; Kroeze, Carolien; Widianarko, Budi

doi:10.1080/1943815x.2013.772902

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Implementing these models requires detailed, high quality input data which is often not available for large watersheds. Global NEWS-2 (Nutrient Export from WaterSheds) is a spatially explicit watershed scale model which has been applied at the global (Dumont et al, 2005;Mayorga et al, 2010;Seitzinger et al, 2010) and regional scales (Bowes et al, 2005;Qu and Kroeze, 2010;Suwarno et al, 2013). Global NEWS-2 is an ideal tool for management purposes in data-poor regions such as China's coastal watersheds because it requires mainly social-economic input data and simple model parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling increased riverine nitrogen export: Source tracking and integrated watershed-coast management

Yan

Chen

et al. 2015

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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The global NEWS model was calibrated and then used to quantify the long term trend of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) export from two tributaries of Jiulong River (SE China). Anthropogenic N inputs contributed 61-92% of river DIN yield which increased from 337 in 1980s to 1662 kg N km −2 yr −1 in 2000s for the North River, and from 653 to 3097 kg N km −2 yr −1 for the West River. North River and West River contributed 55% and 45% respectively of DIN loading to the estuary. Rapid development and poor management driven by national policies were responsible for increasing riverine N export. Scenario analysis and source tracking suggest that reductions of anthropogenic N inputs of at least 30% in the North River (emphasis on fertilizer and manure) and 50% in the West River (emphasis on fertilizer) could significantly improve water quality and mitigate eutrophication in both river and coastal waters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling increased riverine nitrogen export: Source tracking and integrated watershed-coast management

Yan

Chen

et al. 2015

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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“…1 and 2 summarize the results for the 19 selected Indonesian rivers. These 19 rivers are the same rivers as we used in an earlier analysis using Global NEWS (Suwarno et al 2013). Our results are in all cases higher than the Global NEWS estimates (see Tables 4, 5, 6).…”

Section: Sewage N and P Inputs To Rivers In Indonesiamentioning

confidence: 41%

“…In an earlier study (Suwarno et al 2013), we compared N and P measurements at the mouths of 19 selected rivers in Indonesia with the modeled values from the Global NEWS model. In general, we concluded that the fit is reasonable, considering that the model was not originally developed for Indonesia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast increases in urban sewage inputs to rivers of Indonesia

Suwarno

Löhr

Kroeze

et al. 2014

Environ Dev Sustain

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We present estimates for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) sewage inputs to 19 Indonesian rivers for 1970-2050. Future trends are based on the four scenarios of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Our results indicate a rapid increase in N and P pollution from sewage over time. In 1970, N and P inputs to rivers were low because not many households were connected to sewage systems discharging to rivers. Sewage connection is increasing over time. As a result, N and P inputs to rivers increase. We calculate that between 2000 and 2050 the N and P inputs increase with a factor of 17-40, depending on the scenario. Important determinants of future N and P sewage inputs are population, economic growth, urbanization, sewage systems development and wastewater treatment. Our calculations are based on an improved model for N and P inputs to rivers, indicating that previous estimates underestimated these inputs considerably.

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“…Global NEWS was validated for rivers worldwide ) and for all regional applications, including parts of the Bay of Bengal and Indonesia (Sattar et al 2014;Suwarno et al 2013). In all studies, the model performance has been evaluated as acceptable, with a similar performance for BOB LME in this study (Online Resource 2).…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Studies and Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…We investigated model uncertainties by comparing our results to earlier studies for the Bay of Bengal (Naeema and Kroeze, 2014;Sattar et al 2014;Suwarno et al 2013) and for other world regions. We learn from this comparison that we may be missing sources of nutrients, including point sources from human and animal waste (e.g.…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Studies and Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling sources of nutrients in rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal—a scenario analysis

et al. 2017

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We model future trends in river export of nutrients to the Bay of Bengal, and the sources of this pollution. We focus on total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and dissolved silica (DSi) inputs to the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOB LME) in the years 2000, 2030, and 2050. In 2000, rivers exported 7.1 Tg N and 1.5 Tg P to the BOB LME. Three rivers (Ganges, Godavari, Irrawaddy) account for 75-80% of the total river export of N and P. For 2050, we calculate an increase in river export of N to 8.6 Tg, while P export stabilizes at the 2000 level. Future trends are the net effect of increasing river export of dissolved N (by 40%) and P (by 80%), and decreasing river export of particulate N and P. The increases in dissolved N and P loads are associated primarily with increased N and P losses from agriculture and sewage systems. The decreasing export of particulate N and P is associated with damming of rivers and increased human water consumption. There are large differences in nutrient export among rivers. Rivers draining into the western BOB LME generally export more N and P than eastern BOB LME rivers. Most N and P in western BOB LME rivers are from anthropogenic sources. Future increases in dissolved inorganic N and P (DIN and DIP) export can be large for individual rivers: up to more than a factor of five for DIP and more than a doubling for DIN. The calculated nutrient export ratios (N and P relative to DSi) indicate an increasing risk for blooms of non-siliceous algal species, which can potentially produce toxins and otherwise disrupt coastal ecosystems. Our results indicate that basin-specific management may be the most effective approach towards reducing the risk of coastal eutrophication in the BOB LME.

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Past and future trends in nutrient export by 19 rivers to the coastal waters of Indonesia

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Modeling increased riverine nitrogen export: Source tracking and integrated watershed-coast management

Modeling increased riverine nitrogen export: Source tracking and integrated watershed-coast management

Fast increases in urban sewage inputs to rivers of Indonesia

Modeling sources of nutrients in rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal—a scenario analysis

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