Pastoral community selection and the genetic structure of a local goat breed in Patagonia

Lanari, M. R.; Domingo, E.; Centeno, Matias; Gallo, Leonardo

doi:10.1017/s1014233900001942

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Whether permanent or transhumant, after five centuries of coevolution, one can expect that indigenous societies that fully embraced livestock raising have co-constructed particular niches with them. While some research exists regarding the different roles that livestock have had in the Americas’ post-conquest development (e.g., Melville, 1994 ; Camou-Healy, 1998 ; Narchi et al, 2015 ), few have approached them as protagonists of biocultural diversity persistence and evolution, as well as biodiversity promotion (e.g., Perezgrovas, 2004 ; Lanari et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Old World Livestock Species In the Americasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herding Ecologies and Ongoing Plant Domestication Processes in the Americas

Lezama-Núñez¹,

Santos-Fita

Villalobos

2018

Front. Plant Sci.

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Understanding both domestication processes and agricultural practices is an interdisciplinary endeavor. Ethnographic research is potentially helpful for reconstructing past events. Such knowledge is also crucial for documenting the links between biological and cultural diversity, as well as for future purposes such as innovation in food production and sustainability. Here, we review six ethnographic case studies in different pastoral socioecological systems of the American continent. The livestock species involved include the native South American camelids and Arctic reindeer, as well as some Old World species (mainly goats, sheep, and cattle). Starting with the Columbian exchange (15th-16th centuries) and continuing up to the present, Old World herbivores launched novel uses of the local flora which resulted in entirely new livelihoods and cultures, i.e., pastoralism with its variants. Three of these case studies approach specifically how herding ecologies (human–animal–plant relationships) stirred specific management practices (human–plant relationships) that in some instances have moved toward conscious human selection of plant phenotypes. The other examples correspond to three potential instances of similar ongoing processes that we propose on the basis of ethnobotanical and ethnozoological data that were produced separately by other authors. Based on the studies we have reviewed, along with additional information from other parts of the world, we are able to conclude that: (a) New World pastoralist societies are/have been continuously adding species to the humanity’s portfolio of useful plants; (b) animals have been aiding in this processes in different ways; and, (c) how human–animal–plant relationships unfold in the present could have been similar in the past, thus analogies may be proposed for explaining prehistoric multispecies interactions and their outcomes. With our review, we intend to bring more attention to contemporary pastoralists as plant managers, animals as agents in human-plant interactions, and domestication as a behavioral complex and multispecies process that is as important in the present or future as it was in the past. Our understanding of food production practices is not only fundamental for improving our current frameworks of governance, conservation, and restoration of useful species populations, but also of biocultural diversity altogether.

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Section: Old World Livestock Species In the Americasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On separate investigations, Lanari et al (2005) have been studying related and overlapping Argentinian socioecological systems in the northern province of Neuquén ( Table 2 ). Their focus, however, is on ethnozoology instead of ethnobotany.…”

Section: Old World Livestock Species In the Americasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herding Ecologies and Ongoing Plant Domestication Processes in the Americas

Lezama-Núñez¹,

Santos-Fita

Villalobos

2018

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Another group of authors looked at the function of livestock in the production system and at its relevance and importance for the livelihood of farmers (Markemann et al 2009;Gebre et al 2012). Other authors investigated local or indigenous selection criteria and breeding objectives practised in various production systems (Adams et al 2002;Jaitner et al 2003;Lanari et al 2005;Wurzinger et al 2006;Ndumu et al 2008;Kassie et al 2009;Duguma et al 2011). Gizaw et al (2010) show that adaptive traits, such as resistance to a disease, can be equally or even more important than production traits.…”

Section: Understanding Production Systems and Defining Breeding Objecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community‐based livestock breeding programmes: essentials and examples

Mueller

Rischkowsky²,

Haile³

et al. 2015

J Animal Breeding Genetics

132

152

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Breeding programmes described as community-based (CBBP) typically relate to low-input systems with farmers having a common interest to improve and share their genetic resources. CBBPs are more frequent with keepers of small ruminants, in particular smallholders of local breeds, than with cattle, pigs or chickens with which farmers may have easier access to alternative programmes. Constraints that limit the adoption of conventional breeding technologies in low-input systems cover a range of organizational and technical aspects. The analysis of 8 CBBPs located in countries of Latin-America, Africa and Asia highlights the importance of bottom-up approaches and involvement of local institutions in the planning and implementation stages. The analysis also reveals a high dependence of these programmes on organizational, technical and financial support. Completely self-sustained CBBPs seem to be difficult to realize. There is a need to implement and document formal socio-economic evaluations of CBBPs to provide governments and other development agencies with the information necessary for creating sustainable CBBPs at larger scales.

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“…In north and central Neuquén, small holders breed local Criollo goat mainly for meat production. Lanari et al (2005) reported that directional selection practices by herdsmen were the main factors in adaptation and micro-evolution of Criollo goat populations in their native environments.…”

Section: Selection Of Heat Tolerant/genetic Traits For Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Adaptability of Livestock to Environmental Stresses

Naskar

Gowane

Chopra

et al. 2012

Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production

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The concept of adaptability revolves around fitness describing relative ability of an individual to survive and reproduce next generation to ensure continued survival of the population and is the result of natural selection over many generations. Current trend in genetic selection has severely eroded the genetic base ignoring the diversity of the production milieu, importance of adaptation, production of multiple products and social value of the livestock. The problem has been compounded with non-capturing of environmental costs though animal genetic resources (AnGR) on extensive and intensive scale are affected by direct impacts of climate change. Unplanned genetic introgression and crossbreeding has contributed to the greatest extent toward the loss of indigenous breeds. The genetic mechanism influencing fitness and adaptation is not well explored and adaptation traits are usually characterized by low heritability. Further, it may be difficult to combine the adaptation traits with high production potential as there seem to be different physiological and metabolic processes involved. Though decision regarding matching genotypes with environment or vice versa will be situation specific, the low and intermediate level of animal production in many parts of the world suggests that increased yields and efficiency will be more environmentally sustainable than extensive goals ensuring genetic diversity, environmental soundness, animal health and welfare, and social viability. Breeding for climate change adaptation or mitigation will not be necessarily different from existing

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Pastoral community selection and the genetic structure of a local goat breed in Patagonia

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Herding Ecologies and Ongoing Plant Domestication Processes in the Americas

Herding Ecologies and Ongoing Plant Domestication Processes in the Americas

Community‐based livestock breeding programmes: essentials and examples

Genetic Adaptability of Livestock to Environmental Stresses

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