Pasturev.standard dairy cream in high-fat diet-fed mice: improved metabolic outcomes and stronger intestinal barrier

Abstract

Dairy products derived from the milk of cows fed in pastures are characterised by higher amounts of conjugated linoleic acid and a-linolenic acid (ALA), and several studies have shown their ability to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, their specific metabolic effects compared with standard dairy in a high-fat diet (HFD) context remain largely unknown; this is what we determined in the present study with a focus on the metabolic and intestinal parameters. The experimental animals were fed for 12 weeks a HFD containing 20 % fat in the form of a pasture dairy cream (PDC) or a standard dairy cream (SDC). Samples of plasma, liver, white adipose tissue, duodenum, jejunum and colon were analysed. The PDC mice, despite a higher food intake, exhibited lower fat mass, plasma and hepatic TAG concentrations, and inflammation in the adipose tissue than the SDC mice. Furthermore, they exhibited a higher expression of hepatic PPARa mRNA and adipose tissue uncoupling protein 2 mRNA, suggesting an enhanced oxidative activity of the tissues. These results might be explained, in part, by the higher amounts of ALA in the PDC diet and in the liver and adipose tissue of the PDC mice. Moreover, the PDC diet was found to increase the proportions of two strategic cell populations involved in the protective function of the intestinal epithelium, namely Paneth and goblet cells in the small intestine and colon, compared with the SDC diet. In conclusion, a PDC HFD leads to improved metabolic outcomes and to a stronger gut barrier compared with a SDC HFD. This may be due, at least in part, to the protective mechanisms induced by specific lipids.

Gut barrier impairment by high‐fat diet in mice depends on housing conditions

“…Since an association between increased intestinal permeability and decreased ZO‐1 and occludin levels in the epithelium was reported in DIO mice , various studies investigated whether HFD changes the levels of these two tight junction proteins . In the present study, both occludin and ZO‐1 protein levels were unaffected by DIO in agreement with most other studies .…”

One-day high-fat diet induces inflammation in the nodose ganglion and hypothalamus of mice

“…Administration of LPS to the human goblet cell line HT29-MTX upregulates mucin secretion [20]. Increases in goblet cell number and MUC2 production in 12-week HFD-fed mice might interrupt LPS absorption from the gut lumen to the systemic circulation [21]. In this study, elevation of TLR4 and MUC2 expression in goblet cells in response to one-day HFD may have served as a protective mechanism in the colon.…”

Chitosan Oligosaccharides Improve Glucolipid Metabolism Disorder in Liver by Suppression of Obesity-Related Inflammation and Restoration of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ)

“…Liver plays an important role in lipid metabolism by which excessive dietary lipids are stored in hepatocytes [ 34 ]. This further impairs the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids, even leading to the occurrence of insulin resistance.…”