Patch tests to metals in childhood

Camarasa, J. G.; Aspiolea, F; Alomar, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04335.x

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Modification of allergen concentrations for patch testing in the young or the elderly group was deemed unnecessary, in concordance with other studies on this topic. 11,16,17 Our results on irritant patch test reactions in children supports this conclusion.…”

Section: Commentsupporting

confidence: 79%

Contact Allergy in Children Referred for Patch Testing

Zug¹,

McGinley-Smith²,

Warshaw³

et al. 2008

Arch Dermatol

139

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Section: Commentsupporting

confidence: 79%

Contact Allergy in Children Referred for Patch Testing

Zug¹,

McGinley-Smith²,

Warshaw³

et al. 2008

Arch Dermatol

139

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“…However, during the last 10-20 years, several reports have described a considerable number of children with contact allergy and ACD (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32), confirming that contact allergy and ACD is not infrequent in children and may cause a significant clinical problem. Weston et al (33) estimated that ACD accounts for up to 20% of all dermatitis in childhood.…”

Section: Incidence and Prevalence Of Allergic Contact Dermatitis And mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is difficult to compare the results between studies, because they vary with regard to patient-related and technical factors, such as age and sex distribution, criteria for atopy, criteria for patch testing, Few studies have patch tested defined subgroups of children in the population to evaluate the sensitization rate (Table 2). Camarasa et al (27) patch tested 100 consecutive children from 8 months to 11 years randomly selected from a dermatologic and paediatric outpatient clinic. Of these, 20% were sensitive to metals (nickel, chromate, cobalt and mercury).…”

Section: Incidence and Prevalence Of Allergic Contact Dermatitis And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic contact dermatitis in children and adolescents

1999

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From a clinical point of view, the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) among children and adolescents seems to be low. However, many children have dermatitis, most often atopic dermatitis. In selected cases, ACD is suspected, and the child is tested. The question remains, whether the prevalence of ACD in children really is low or whether the possibility of ACD is not sufficiently considered. During the last decade, reports have appeared on series of children and adolescents with contact allergy and ACD. Few cases have been reported in infants, but the development of contact allergy and ACD increases with age. Most studies include selected groups of children and adolescents with suspected ACD. Few studies have examined unselected populations, and most consider only the prevalence of contact allergy without evaluating the clinical relevance, e.g., the prevalence of ACD. Furthermore, no follow-up studies exist. Therefore, the incidence and prevalence of contact allergy and ACD in children and adolescents is largely unknown.Key words: allergic contact dermatitis; contact allergy; Type IV allergy; patch testing; allergens; clinical relevance; children; adolescents; epidemiology; incidence; prevalence; atopic dermatitis; IgE-mediated hypersensitivity; Type I allergy. C Munksgaard, 1999. Accepted for publication 1 April 1999Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in children and adolescents is seen occasionally, and several reports on series of children and adolescents with ACD have appeared in the literature (1-7). The frequency of unselected children and adolescents with positive patch tests to standard series allergens is not negligible (8-10). About 8% of unselected adolescents are nickel allergic and about 2% react to fragrance mix (11). When the contact allergy develops, and what the consequences of a positive patch test result are for the individual child, is less clear. This review summarizes the current knowledge from an epidemiological and clinical point of view. Epidemiology Definitions and study designsThere are many definitions of epidemiology: one of the clearest is the study of occurrence of illness (12). The frequency of ACD can be expressed in terms of its incidence (the number of new cases of ACD during a defined period in a specific population) or its prevalence (the number of persons in the population with ACD at a certain point in time or during a certain period of time).The 3 most important types of observational study in the epidemiology of ACD are follow-up (cohort) studies, case-control studies and crosssectional studies.(i) In follow-up studies, selection of subjects is based upon exposure to factors of interest. In the prospective follow-up study, the person is exposed but free of the disease at the beginning of the study and is followed over a certain period of time. When both exposure and disease are historical, the study is described as a retrospective follow-up study. This design is less expensive than the prospective study. The measurement in follow-up studies is incidence.(ii) In ...

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“…5] and an increased frequency of cutane ous hypersensitivity to mercury was found in dental students with increased length of amalgam exposure [20]. By patch test, mercury sensitivity has been shown to occur even in young children [1,12]. In vitro cul tured animal and human lymphoid cells, both thymo cytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes, have been found to be stimulated by mercuric compounds re garding their DNA synthesis [2,9,[13][14][15]21], Hirsch et al [8] suggested that mercuric chloride could act as a polyclonal activator of immunocompetent cells of rats, however, not on isolated B lymphocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of Human Thymocytes and Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes on Percoll Density Gradients and DNA Synthesis Stimulating Effect of Mercuric Chloride

Nordlind¹

1984

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Human thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated on the basis of density on Percoll gradients and the different cell populations tested regarding DNA synthesis after addition of mercuric chloride. Thymocytes with a density of 1.065–1.067 g/ml and peripheral blood lymphocytes with a density of 1.063–1.065 g/ml were maximally stimulated with mercuric chloride as well as with mitogenic lectins. Thus mercuric chloride seems to be a polyclonal activator of human peripheral T lymphocytes and thymocytes with characteristics of medullary cells (virgin T cells).

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Patch tests to metals in childhood

Cited by 34 publications

References 3 publications

Contact Allergy in Children Referred for Patch Testing

Contact Allergy in Children Referred for Patch Testing

Allergic contact dermatitis in children and adolescents

Fractionation of Human Thymocytes and Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes on Percoll Density Gradients and DNA Synthesis Stimulating Effect of Mercuric Chloride

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