“…Second, an IPR permits a petitioner to not only le a petition, but also fully participate in the entire proceedings (i.e., additional brie ng, expert deposition, oral hearing, etc.) (Ragusa & Zhang, 2019) while research indicated that the nal verdict is in uenced by the petitioner's incentive to settle the disputes over the patent itself, the more resources invested for the invalidity, the lower the initial probability the patent is good (Bar & Kalinowski, 2019), therefore, the petitioner not only needs to but also has to participate and perform perfectly enough in each phase of the proceedings. Third, a foreign alleged infringer is strictly required to plead an invalidity counterclaim within one year after receiving service of the patent infringement compliant (Garsson & Pham, 2012), at this point, the limited time threshold further magni es the burden.…”