Paternal Cigarette Smoking and the Risk of Childhood Cancer Among Offspring of Nonsmoking Mothers

Ji, Bu‐Tian; Shu, Xiao‐Ou; Linet, Martha S.; Wang, Zheng; Wacholder, Sholom; Gao, Yu‐Tang; Ying, Da-Ming; Jin, Fan

doi:10.1093/jnci/89.3.238

Cited by 371 publications

(213 citation statements)

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“…7,[17][18][19] Previous investigations on the association between smoking and a subsequent risk of childhood cancers have generated positive and negative results. 22,23,[33][34][35][36] The negative finding from our study, as well as an earlier study 37 on GCT, might be a result of the finding that the carcinogenic effect of smoking is offset by its antiestrogenic effect. 18,19 Whereas alcohol and its metabolites have been shown to be teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic, 38 -40 the relation between alcohol consumption and childhood cancers has not always been consistent across studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…18 -21 Parental smoking and drinking also have been linked to the risk of other childhood cancers. [22][23][24][25] The Children's Oncology Group (COG) recently completed a case-control study of GCT in children age Ͻ 15 years, which to our knowledge is the largest epidemiologic study published to date. A range of prenatal, in utero, and postnatal exposures were evaluated.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Risk of childhood germ cell tumors in association with parental smoking and drinking

Chen

Robison

Giller

et al. 2005

Cancer

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

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confidence: 99%

Risk of childhood germ cell tumors in association with parental smoking and drinking

Chen

Robison

Giller

et al. 2005

Cancer

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“…The very large improvements in socioeconomic and sanitary conditions may be responsible for declines in cancers associated with infection and/or nutritional deficiency, such as oesophagus, stomach, cervix uteri and nasopharynx, while changes in diet and a more sedentary lifestyle, associated with an increasing prevalence of obesity, may explain some of the changes in risk for cancers of the breast and large bowel. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for several cancers, including the lung, bladder, oesophagus, stomach, liver and cervix (IARC, 2002), and the epidemic of cigarette smoking in China is a major determinant of past and future cancer trends (Gao et al, 1994;Ji et al, 1997;CTSU, 1998;Liu et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation and projection of the national profile of cancer mortality in China: 1991–2005

et al. 2004

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There are no national-level data on cancer mortality in China since two surveys in 1973 -1975 and 1990 -1992 (a 10% sample), but ongoing surveillance systems, based on nonrandom selected populations, give an indication as to the trends for major cancers. Based on a log-linear regression model with Poisson errors, the annual rates of change for 10 cancers and all other cancers combined, by age, sex and urban/rural residence were estimated from the data of the surveillance system of the Center for Health Information and Statistics, covering about 10% of the national population. These rates of change were applied to the survey data of 1990 -1992 to estimate national mortality in the year 2000, and to make projections for 2005. Mortality rates for all cancers combined, adjusted for age, are predicted to change little between 1991 and 2005 (À0.8% in men and þ 2.5% in women), but population growth and ageing will result in an increasing number of deaths, from 1.2 to 1.8 million. The largest predicted increases are for the numbers of female breast ( þ 155.4%) and lung cancers ( þ 112.1% in men, þ 153.5% in women). For these two sites, mortality rates will almost double. Cancer will make an increasing contribution to the burden of diseases in China in the 21st century. The marked increases in risk of cancers of the lung, female breast and large bowel indicate priorities for prevention and control. The increasing trends in young age groups for cancers of the cervix, lung and female breast suggest that their predicted increases may be underestimated, and that more attention should be paid to strategies for their prevention and control.

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“…Such an explanation might also account for the wide range of polygenic neurological disorders (epilepsy, bipolar disease, spontaneous schizophrenia, autism) that occur in children and that are correlated with paternal age at the moment of conception [5,6,[30][31][32]. This model might also explain the childhood cancer associated with DNA damage induced in spermatozoa by the fathers' heavy smoking [33,34]. In light of these considerations, detailed examination of DNA damage in human spermatozoa would certainly be an important objective for future versions of the WHO manual.…”

Section: The Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Whither must spermatozoa wander? The future of laboratory seminology

Aitken

2010

Asian J Androl

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This commentary celebrates the publication of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. This is the most complete text to date on the creation of a conventional semen profile and includes invaluable reference limits for specific aspects of semen quality based on the analysis of over 1 900 recent fathers. The new edition of the manual also includes detailed protocols for monitoring different aspects of sperm function and new chapters on the preparation of spermatozoa for assisted conception and cryopreservation. Given that this publication is the definitive statement on how to perform a descriptive semen analysis, we might speculate on the future of this field and the sorts of tests that might feature in future editions of the manual. Cell biologists are currently being empowered by the 'omics revolution, which is placing at their disposal technologies of unprecedented power to examine the biochemical composition of cells such as spermatozoa. Indeed, spermatozoa are perfect vehicles for this kind of analysis because they can be obtained as extremely pure suspensions, exist naturally in isolation and can be induced to express their capacity for fertilization and the initiation of embryonic development in vitro. The application of 'omics technologies to these cells, in concert with detailed assessments of their functional competence, should provide insights into the biochemical basis of defective semen quality. This information will then help us understand the causes of male infertility and to develop rational methods for its treatment and possible prevention. Keywords: assisted conception, DNA damage, male infertility, miscarriage, semen, seminology, spermatozoa 1 In the beginning A long long time ago, when in vitro fertilization (IVF) was in its first flush of youth and Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) had not driven seminology into the reproductive wilderness, the development of robust methods for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility was regarded as a noble cause worthy of engagement.In those far-off days, the descriptive semen profile was the only means we had of determining the fertility of men attending infertility clinics. This profile focused on an analysis of sperm number, motility and morphology underpinned by the fundamental belief that fertility is essentially a war of attrition. According to this model, the ejaculate must contain more than a certain critical number of motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa in order to withstand the cellular carnage that inevitably accompanies the perilous transition from the point of insemination to the site of fertilization. In diagnostic terms, the concept that male fertility is essentially 'a numbers game' resulted in a preoccupation with threshold counts for sperm number, motility and morphology that define the conventional semen profile, even to this day. The belief that fertility is entirely dependent on sperm number was, ironically,

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Paternal Cigarette Smoking and the Risk of Childhood Cancer Among Offspring of Nonsmoking Mothers

Cited by 371 publications

References 29 publications

Risk of childhood germ cell tumors in association with parental smoking and drinking

Risk of childhood germ cell tumors in association with parental smoking and drinking

Estimation and projection of the national profile of cancer mortality in China: 1991–2005

Whither must spermatozoa wander? The future of laboratory seminology

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