Paternity testing in an autotetraploid alfalfa breeding polycross

Riday, Heathcliffe; Johnson, David W.; Heyduk, Karolina; Raasch, John A.; Darling, Mark E.; Sandman, Jay M.

doi:10.1007/s10681-013-0938-7

Cited by 28 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Maternal plant tissue was freeze dried and total DNA was extracted using methodology described by Riday et al (2013). The locations of a pod on a stem (upper or lower half of the stem) and on the raceme (upper or lower half of the raceme) were noted.…”

Section: Seed Production Field and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique required growing out progeny to observe flower color, a laborious and time consuming process. Riday et al (2013) developed efficient laboratory methods to genotype autotetraploid alfalfa plants at various microsatellite markers and wrote software to determine whether individual seeds resulted from selfing or outcross-pollination events. Selfing rate in their study was determined based on isozyme allele dosage of the field-derived open-pollinated progeny of each transplant in conjunction with progeny derived by manually selfing each of the transplants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knapp and Teuber (1993) evaluated transplanted alfalfa seedlings and used allozymes to estimate an average selfing rate of 24% in a honeybee (Apis mellifera) pollinated field. Although the software developed by Riday et al (2013) was tested on an isolated 16 parent autotetraploid alfalfa polycross, determining selfing vs. outcrossing pollination events in a commercial seed production field setting with hundreds of thousands of genotypes is more difficult. The authors noted that using isozyme markers on field grown plants was not always reliable since good isozyme expression was not always observed in field-grown tissue possibly due to the field growing conditions (Knapp and Teuber, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tertiary objectives included: (i) expansion of a SAS program developed by Riday et al (2013) to determine false positive Secondary objectives were to determine under field conditions whether selfing rates varied: (i) among plants; (ii) with increasing plant distance to pollinator domicile source; (iii) among raceme positions on the plant; (iv) with number of seeds per pod; and (v) among pod positions on the raceme.…”

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Selfing Rate in an Alfalfa Seed Production Field Pollinated with Leafcutter Bees

et al. 2015

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A utotetraploid alfalfa (2n = 4x = 32) is the third largest crop by acreage in the United States with an estimated 28 million kg of seed produced per year (NASS, 2009). Although alfalfa tends to outcross (i.e., xenogamous), it is a self-compatible species meaning that self-pollination or "selfing" is possible. Selfing in alfalfa is more likely to occur in the absence of pollen from another genotype, suggesting that, when present, outcross pollen may outcompete self pollen (Viands et al., 1988). Selfing has been shown to occur in insect-pollinated alfalfa seed production fields. Reported field-wide selfing rate estimates range from 9 to 53% (Burkart, 1937, 15% selfing;Johansen, 1963, multiple studies 9 to 26% selfing; Bradner and Frakes, 1964, 34% selfing; Pedersen, 1968, 53% selfing; Knapp and Teuber, 1993, 24% selfing; and Brown and Bingham, 1994, 28% selfing). Most of the pre-1990s studies used white flowered "sentinel" plants in fields of purple flowered alfalfa plants to estimate selfing rates. The pollinators used in these studies varied widely or were not mentioned and ABSTRACT Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) self-pollination (i.e., selfing) causes inbreeding depression. Determining factors influencing alfalfa seed production selfing rates could inform potential mitigation strategies to reduce selfing. We measured in situ selfing rates from seed sampled from random plants in a commercial alfalfa seed production field pollinated by leafcutter bees (Megachile rotundata F.). Alfalfa selfing rates were estimated by genotyping ~24 progeny from each of 38 maternal plants. Maternal plant distance to pollinator domicile, pod position on racemes, raceme position on stems, and seeds per pod were noted during seed and tissue collection. Selfing rates averaged 11.8% with individual selfing rates ranging from 0% to 52.2%. Seed from pods collected from upper parts of racemes had lower selfing rates (9.1%) compared to pods from lower parts of racemes (15.1%). When "low" self-compatible (<15% selfing rate in 3+ seeded pods) and "high" self-compatible (≥15% selfing rate in 3+ seeded pods) plants were examined separately, however, this pattern remained significant only for low self-compatible plants (upper raceme selfing rates 3.1% vs. lower raceme 8.3%). Low self-compatible plants had higher selfing rates in 1-2 seeded pods (12.9%) compared to 3+ seeded pods (3.8%) while high self-compatible plants showed no differences in selfing rates based on seed number per pod. Genetic differences for self-pollen's ability to outcompete outcross pollen when growing down the style best explained observed differences between low and high self-compatible plants. Best management practices and selection could help reduce but not eliminate selfing in alfalfa seed production fields.

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Section: Seed Production Field and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Selfing Rate in an Alfalfa Seed Production Field Pollinated with Leafcutter Bees

et al. 2015

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“…In this study, progeny of a 15-parent synthetic, pollinated by alfalfa leafcutter bees (Megachile rotundata F.), was used; details of the polycross are described in Riday et al (2013). Halfsib progeny of the 15-parent synthetic were transplanted on 10 June 2010 at the Alforex Breeding station in West Salem, WI (43°53¢7¢¢ N, 91°6¢9¢¢ W) into a Toddville silt loam (Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Inefficiency of Allowing Self‐Pollinated Alfalfa Progeny into Breeding Nurseries

Riday

Johnson²,

Engh³

et al. 2017

Crop Science

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Although alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is considered an outcrossing species, the self‐pollination incidence during insect pollination can be substantial, with an observed 30% average selfing rate. Despite this, alfalfa breeders utilizing space‐plant evaluation nurseries make no attempt to discriminate self‐pollination‐derived progeny (selfs) from outcross progeny. Due to alfalfa's substantial inbreeding depression, the selfed individuals have much lower breeder utility. This study examines an alfalfa space‐plant breeding nursery in which selfed and outcross progeny had been identified using DNA markers for the following phenotypic traits: plant vigor, fall height, fall dormancy, first and second winter survival, plant lodging, and profusion of flowering. Trait means, phenotypic and additive variances, and narrow‐sense heritabilities on a halfsib mean basis were determined for selfed and outcross progeny. For most traits, inbreeding depression was severe, with approximately 80% reductions in performance. Selfed progeny for most traits had reduced phenotypic variances compared with outcross progeny. No differences in estimated additive variance and heritabilities were observed between the two types of progeny. Assuming a 30% selfing rate and a selection intensity less than or equal to 10%, we would expect to select few if any selfed progeny from a space‐plant nursery that had plant vigor phenotypic distributions observed in this study. The estimated maximum loss in genetic gain due to the presence of selfed progeny in breeding nurseries for selection intensities from 1 to 10% was estimated at a 10% genetic gain reduction. We conclude that selfed progeny in breeding nurseries are a hindrance, and if possible, they should be minimized or eliminated.

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Biotechnology and Molecular Approaches to Forage Improvement

Brummer

Wang

2020

Forages

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Paternity testing in an autotetraploid alfalfa breeding polycross

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Selfing Rate in an Alfalfa Seed Production Field Pollinated with Leafcutter Bees

Selfing Rate in an Alfalfa Seed Production Field Pollinated with Leafcutter Bees

Measuring the Inefficiency of Allowing Self‐Pollinated Alfalfa Progeny into Breeding Nurseries

Biotechnology and Molecular Approaches to Forage Improvement

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