Pathogenesis of AIDS lymphomas

Herndier, Brian; Kaplan, Lawrence D.; McGrath, Michael S.

doi:10.1097/00002030-199408000-00003

Cited by 116 publications

(44 citation statements)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burkitt lymphoma comprises approximately 20% of such lymphomas and develops in some 2% of AIDS patients. [46][47][48] Intensive chemotherapy is clearly not the most desirable course of treatment for immunosuppressed patients.Whatever the epidemiology, BL is invariably characterized by a chromosomal translocation of the c-myc locus at the 8q24 region and one or other immunoglobulin gene loci. This most commonly (80% of patients) gives rise to the t 8:14 (q24;q32) translocation involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.…”

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confidence: 99%

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5-Hydroxytryptamine drives apoptosis in biopsylike Burkitt lymphoma cells: reversal by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Serafeim

Grafton

Chamba

et al. 2002

Blood

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Serotonin (5-HT), a well-known neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, has been implicated in diverse aspects of immune regulation. Here we show that 5-HT can efficiently drive programmed cell death in established Burkitt lymphoma (BL) lines that remain faithful to the original biopsy phenotype (group 1). Group 1 BL cells cultured in the presence of 5-HT exhibited marked suppression of DNA synthesis that was accompanied by extensive apoptosis-serotonindriven apoptosis was complete within 24 hours, was preceded by early caspase activation, and was accompanied by a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential. BL cells that had drifted to a lymphoblastic group 3 phenotype were relatively resistant to these actions of serotonin, and the forced ectopic expression of either bcl-2 or bcl-x L provided substantial protection from 5-HT-induced apoptosis. 5-HT receptor antagonists (SDZ205-557 IntroductionOutside the central nervous system, serotonin (5-HT) is produced mainly by enterochromaffin cells of the gut and is taken up by an active transport mechanism to a number of cell types, with platelets providing the richest reservoir of 5-HT in the periphery. 1 Release of platelet-stored 5-HT can be rapid and triggered, for example, by platelet-activating factor, thrombin, C3a, C5a, and immunoglobulin (Ig)E-containing immune complexes. Thus, at sites of inflammation and platelet activation, local concentrations of 5-HT could be expected to greatly exceed the relatively low amounts normally found in serum. [2][3][4] Moreover, primary and secondary lymphoid organs are innervated with noradrenergic nerve fibers that have the potential to accumulate serotonin and to release it on stimulation. Because the nerve terminals are in close contact with, for example, lymphocytes at these sites, this indicates that immune cells can be exposed directly to 5-HT flow. 5 There are numerous reports of 5-HT modulating natural killer cell, macrophage, and T-cell function [reviewed in 5 ]. Of the 14 known receptor subtypes for 5-HT, mRNA for 8 of these was recently demonstrated in rat immune tissues. 6,7 Particularly for the promotion of T-cell proliferation, a major target for serotonin action appears to be the 5-HT 1A receptor, a property conserved between mammals and fish. 8,9 B lymphocytes also carry this receptor subtype (among others) and, as with T cells, display NF-B-dependent up-regulation of mRNA and protein for the 5-HT 1A receptor. 10 At least for rodent splenic B cells, this receptor subtype seems to be involved in the 5-HT-promoted augmentation of mitogenic responses to lipopolysaccharide and dextran sulfate. 11 B cells additionally express the serotonin transporter (SERT) with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-cell lines providing an important resource for genotyping polymorphisms in the promoter region of the transporter. 1,12 However, no function has as yet been ascribed to B-cell SERT.Monoamines, including 5-HT, have been reported to induce apoptosis in cultured neuronal cells, and cerebellar granule neurons are p...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

5-Hydroxytryptamine drives apoptosis in biopsylike Burkitt lymphoma cells: reversal by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Serafeim

Grafton

Chamba

et al. 2002

Blood

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“…Most of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated lymphomas take the morphology of diffuse large cell lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, or Burkitt's lymphoma, whereas several cases in which lymphoma cells took anaplastic large cell morphology have been reported (1). Approximately 30 reported cases have used the term "AIDS-associated anaplastic large cell lymphomas (AIDS-ALCLs)" under the somewhat ambiguous definition of ALCL (2-6).…”

Section: Human Herpesvirus Type 8 (Hhv-8; Kaposi's Sarcoma-associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Herpesvirus 8–Associated Solid Lymphomas that Occur in AIDS Patients Take Anaplastic Large Cell Morphology

et al. 2000

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“…These lymphomas are biologically and genetically heterogeneous, are derived from germinal center or postgerminal center B cells, and are classified according to body location and histologic criteria (reviewed in refs. [4][5][6][7]. Certain AIDS NHL classes are associated with specific oncogenic lesions or viral involvement.…”

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confidence: 99%

TCL1 oncogene expression in AIDS-related lymphomas and lymphoid tissues

Teitell

Damore

Sulur

et al. 1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS NHL) comprises a diverse and heterogeneous group of high-grade B cell tumors. Certain classes of AIDS NHL are associated with alterations in oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes or infections by oncogenic herpesviruses. However, the clinically significant class of AIDS NHL designated immunoblastic lymphoma plasmacytoid (AIDS IBLP) lacks any consistent genetic alterations. We identified the TCL1 oncogene from a set of AIDS IBLP-associated cDNA fragments generated by subtractive hybridization with non-AIDS IBLP. Aberrant TCL1 expression has been implicated in T cell leukemia/lymphoma development, and its expression also has been seen in many established B cell tumor lines. However, TCL1 expression has not been reported in AIDS NHL. We find that TCL1 is expressed in the majority of AIDS IBLP tumors examined. AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS NHL) occurs in up to 10% of HIV-infected individuals who have moderate to severe immunodeficiency (1-3). These lymphomas are biologically and genetically heterogeneous, are derived from germinal center or postgerminal center B cells, and are classified according to body location and histologic criteria (reviewed in refs. 4-7). Certain AIDS NHL classes are associated with specific oncogenic lesions or viral involvement. For example, AIDS-related Burkitt's lymphoma usually contain activating c-MYC translocations, whereas AIDS-related primary-effusion lymphoma consistently contain human herpesvirus-8 (8-24). AIDS diffuse large B cell lymphoma accounts for 70% of systemic lymphomas and is the second most common type of cancer after Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients (25,26). Systemic AIDS diffuse large B cell lymphoma are further classified into two subclasses (6,7,(27)(28)(29). AIDS large noncleaved-cell lymphoma is postulated to originate from germinal center B cells and often exhibits dysregulated expression of the BCL-6 protooncogene because of chromosomal translocations or promoter mutations. AIDS immunoblastic lymphoma plasmacytoid (AIDS IBLP) is thought to derive from postgerminal center B cells and is not associated with any predominant genetic alteration (30, 31). AIDS IBLP are monoclonal tumors that usually contain Epstein-Barr virus, indicating that they are not simply Epstein-Barr virusdriven polyclonal proliferations. The lack of any consistently associated oncogene involvement in AIDS IBLP strongly suggests that these tumors arise through novel patterns of dysregulated gene expression (7,15,32).We sought to identify differentially expressed genes in AIDS IBLP patient samples versus non-AIDS lymphoma samples by using suppression subtractive hybridizations (SSH) (33,34). Large cell lymphomas with immunoblastic/plasmacytoid features consistent with postgerminal center derivations (IBLP) were selected for these subtractions from HIV-infected or uninfected patient samples. The TCL1 oncogene was identified among multiple differentially expressed genes isolated from AIDS IBLP in these studies.TCL1 is developmentally reg...

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Pathogenesis of AIDS lymphomas

Cited by 116 publications

References 0 publications

5-Hydroxytryptamine drives apoptosis in biopsylike Burkitt lymphoma cells: reversal by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

5-Hydroxytryptamine drives apoptosis in biopsylike Burkitt lymphoma cells: reversal by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Human Herpesvirus 8–Associated Solid Lymphomas that Occur in AIDS Patients Take Anaplastic Large Cell Morphology

TCL1 oncogene expression in AIDS-related lymphomas and lymphoid tissues

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