Pathogenesis of diarrhoea caused by astrovirus infections in lambs

Snodgrass, D. R.; Angus, K.W.; Gray, E. W.; Menzies, J D; Paul, Gillian

doi:10.1007/bf01317493

Cited by 85 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Infected enterocytes could be observed sloughing into the gut, and by 5 days postinfection, the villi appeared normal. Maximum lesions were observed in the jejunum and ileum, without observation of infected cells in the colon (119).…”

Section: Histopathological Changesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Experimentally infected lambs showed villus atrophy in the small intestine (84,119). Astroviruses infected only mature enterocytes (viruses were seen in paracrystalline arrays, along the microvilli, and within lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles) in the villi of the small intestine and macrophages (viruses were seen in lysosomes) in the lamina propria (84,119).…”

Section: Histopathological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Human Astroviruses

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Human astroviruses (HAtVs) are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that were discovered in 1975. Astroviruses infecting other species, particularly mammalian and avian, were identified and classified into the genera Mamastrovirus and Avastrovirus . Through next-generation sequencing, many new astroviruses infecting different species, including humans, have been described, and the Astroviridae family shows a high diversity and zoonotic potential. Three divergent groups of HAstVs are recognized: the classic ( MAstV 1 ), HAstV-MLB ( MAstV 6 ), and HAstV-VA/HMO ( MAstV 8 and MAstV 9 ) groups. Classic HAstVs contain 8 serotypes and account for 2 to 9% of all acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Infections are usually self-limiting but can also spread systemically and cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The other groups have also been identified in children with gastroenteritis, but extraintestinal pathologies have been suggested for them as well. Classic HAstVs may be grown in cells, allowing the study of their cell cycle, which is similar to that of caliciviruses. The continuous emergence of new astroviruses with a potential zoonotic transmission highlights the need to gain insights on their biology in order to prevent future health threats. This review focuses on the basic virology, pathogenesis, host response, epidemiology, diagnostic assays, and prevention strategies for HAstVs.

show abstract

Section: Histopathological Changesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Histopathological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Astroviruses

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous in vivo studies with animal models demonstrated that only mild histological changes occur during infection (24,46). For humans, a recent study demonstrated that despite severe diarrhea, the morphological changes present in the biopsy of an astrovirus-infected child were relatively minor and nonspecific; in particular, the inflammatory response was only mild (42).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrovirus Increases Epithelial Barrier Permeability Independently of Viral Replication

Moser

Carter

Schultz‐Cherry

2007

J Virol

113

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Astrovirus infection in a variety of species results in an age-dependent diarrhea; however, the means by which astroviruses cause diarrhea remain unknown. Studies of astrovirus-infected humans and turkeys have demonstrated few histological changes and little inflammation during infection, suggesting that intestinal damage or an overzealous immune response is not the primary mediator of astrovirus diarrhea. An alternative contributor to diarrhea is increased intestinal barrier permeability. Here, we demonstrate that astrovirus increases barrier permeability in a Caco-2 cell culture model system following apical infection. Increased permeability correlated with disruption of the tight-junction protein occludin and decreased the number of actin stress fibers in the absence of cell death. Additionally, permeability was increased when monolayers were treated with UV-inactivated virus or purified recombinant human astrovirus serotype 1 capsid in the form of virus-like particles. Together, these results demonstrate that astrovirus-induced permeability occurs independently of viral replication and is modulated by the capsid protein, a property apparently unique to astroviruses. Based on these data, we propose that the capsid contributes to diarrhea in vivo.

show abstract

“…Several reports showed that astroviruses are present worldwide and represent the second most important cause of gastroenteritis in children, after rotaviruses (Herrmann et al, 1991;Matsui et al, 2001;Moser and Schultz-Cherry 2005;De Benedictis et al, 2011). Astroviruses have also been identified in several animal species, such as cats, swine, sheep, minks, cheetahs, sea lions, bottlenose dolphins, red deer, dogs, rodents and bats (Woode and Bridger, 1978;Snodgrass et al, 1979;Gray et al, 1980;Williams, 1980;Tzipori et al, 1981;Bridger et al, 1984;Shirai et al, 1985;Woode et al, 1985;Harbour et al, 1987;Marshall et al, 1987;Vieler and Herbst, 1995;Englund et al, 2002;Lukashov and Goudsmit, 2002;Zhu et al, 2009;Blomström et al, 2010;Chu et al, 2010;Reuter et al, 2011;Tse et al, 2011). Recently, new astroviruses (MBL1 and VA1) have been identified in humans with diarrhea (Finkbeiner et al, 2008;2009a;2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of new bat astroviruses detected in Gabon, Central Africa

Rougeron¹,

Suquet²,

Gd³

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary. -Astroviruses are emerging RNA viruses that cause enteropathogenic infections in humans and in other mammals. The identification of astroviruses in a wide range of animals highlights the zoonotic importance of these viruses. Bats can harbor many different viruses, among which some are highly pathogenic for humans (for instance, Nipah, Ebola and SARS coronavirus), and also several astroviruses. As some RNA viruses can be directly transmitted from bats to humans, it is crucial to collect data about their frequency, genetic diversity and phylogenetic characterization. In this study, we report the molecular identification of 44 new astroviruses (with a detection rate of 4.5%) in 962 apparently healthy bats that belong to five different species and that were captured in different caves in North-East Gabon, Central Africa. Our results show that bat astroviruses form a group that is genetically distinct from astroviruses infecting other mammals. Moreover, these astroviruses showed an important genetic diversity and low host restriction in bat species.

show abstract

Pathogenesis of diarrhoea caused by astrovirus infections in lambs

Cited by 85 publications

References 15 publications

Human Astroviruses

Human Astroviruses

Astrovirus Increases Epithelial Barrier Permeability Independently of Viral Replication

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of new bat astroviruses detected in Gabon, Central Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About