Pathogenesis of <i>Brucella abortus</i> Infection of the Mammary Gland and Supramammary Lymph Node of the Goat

Meador, V. P.; Deyoe, B L; Cheville, N. F.

doi:10.1177/030098588902600501

Cited by 56 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…cattle and sheep), as well as for animal handlers (17). Experimental infection of goats with B. abortus demonstrated that the organism localises in the mammary gland (18), which is similar to what is observed in experimental infection of cows with B. abortus, resulting in shedding of the pathogen in the milk (14).…”

Section: Insights Into the Pathology And Clinical Manifestations Of Bsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Calves transplacentally infected or infected by ingesting contaminated milk usually remain asymptomatic, but they may later abort or give birth to infected calves, thus maintaining the disease in the herd (21). Infected cows also tend to have reduced milk yield, with an increase in the number of somatic cells in the milk (18), which is associated with interstitial mastitis containing intralesional B. abortus, and shedding of the pathogen in the milk (14). In bulls, B. abortus infection may be asymptomatic, but it often leads to orchitis, which may be associated with epididymitis and seminal vesiculitis.…”

Section: Insights Into the Pathology And Clinical Manifestations Of Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The quest for a true One Health perspective of brucellosis

Godfroid¹,

DeBolle²,

Roop³

et al. 2014

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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SummaryOne Health is an interdisciplinary collaboration that aims at mitigating risks to human health arising from microorganisms present in non-human animal species, which have the potential to be transmitted and cause disease in humans. Different degrees of scientific collaboration and sectoral integration are needed for different types of zoonotic diseases, depending on the health and associated economic gains that can be expected from a One Health approach. Indeed, mitigating zoonotic risks related to emerging diseases with pandemic potential is different from mitigating risks related to endemic zoonotic diseases like brucellosis. Likewise, management of brucellosis at the wildlife-livestock interface in wildlife conservation areas is in essence different from mitigating transmission of a given Brucella species within its preferential host species, which in turn is different from mitigating the spillover of a given Brucella species to non-preferential host species, humans included. Brucellosis economic models often oversimplify and/or wrongly assess transmission between reservoir hosts and spillover hosts. Moreover, they may not properly value non-market outcomes, such as avoidance of human disease, consumer confidence and conservation biology issues. As a result, uncertainty is such that the economic predictions of these models can be questionable. Therefore, understanding the infection biology of Brucella species is a prerequisite. This paper reviews and highlights important features of the infection biology of Brucella species and the changing epidemiology of brucellosis that need to be integrated into a true One Health perspective of brucellosis.

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Section: Insights Into the Pathology And Clinical Manifestations Of Bsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Insights Into the Pathology And Clinical Manifestations Of Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quest for a true One Health perspective of brucellosis

Godfroid¹,

DeBolle²,

Roop³

et al. 2014

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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“…Eight 1 -year-old, mixed-breed goats were infected with Brucella abortus within 16 hours after parturition. Goats were given 1.0 ml of B. abortus strain 2308 suspended in 0.85% NaCl soluton in the jugular vein, such that the dose was 5.0 x lo9 colony-forming units (CFU) B. abortuslgoat.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nursing on Brucella abortus Infection of Mammary Glands of Goats

1989

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Abstract. Eight 1 -year-old, goats were inoculated intravenously with Brucella abortus (B. abortus) on the day of parturition and necropsied at 28 days after inoculation. Four nursed their kids and four did not (milk was not removed from the udders). Tissues and fluids were examined by bacterial isolation, light microscopy, and serologic methods. Nonnursing goats had high titers of brucellae (I 1 On organisms/ml) in milk (brucellae were isolated from four of four udders), had marked enlargement of supramammary lymph nodes, and had lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic interstitial mastitis. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed that brucellae were primarily in macrophages and neutrophils of the mammary alveolar and ductal lumens and in macrophages of the subcapsular sinuses of the supramammary lymph node. In contrast, nursing goats excreted brucellae intermittently at low concentrations (< lo3 organisms/ml) in milk; brucellae were isolated at necropsy from one of four udders; supramammary lymph nodes were not enlarged; and mammary lesions were not seen. Brucellae were detected in more tissues other than the udder, and serum anti-Brucella antibody titers were higher in nonnursing goats than in nursing goats. The present study indicates that the failure to nurse or release milk enhances localization and replication of B. abortus in mammary glands of goats after parturition, and that mammary gland infection may result in increased systemic spread and persistence of brucellae in the host.Brucella abortus, a Gram-negative, facultative-intracellular bacterium, has a marked affinity for mammary glands and supramammary lymph nodes in persistently infected cows.4,7,11,12,28 Mammary gland infection is typically clinically inapparent, and gross lesions are not detected. Microscopically, there is a lobular and periductal, lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic interstitial mastitis with leukocytes in alveoli and duct^.^,^,^^ Lesions are not seen in all infected mammae of both cows andIn experimentally infected goats, brucellae localize and replicate primarily in macrophages and neutrophils in mammary ductal and alveolar lumens; fewer brucellae are free in mammary secretions or in phagocytes in the interstitium.1° Supramammary lymph nodes may be enlarged and are characterized by lymphofollicular hyperplasia, medullary plasmacytosis, and sinus h i s t i o c y t~s i s .~~J~ Susceptibility of the mammae to become infected with B. abortus may vary with the stage of lactation.Excretion of brucellae from the mammary gland can occur throughout lactation but is most frequent in colostrum and during late 1a~tation.l~ Enhanced excretion may be caused by reduced milk flow at these stages, either due to concentration of brucellae in smaller quantities of milk or due to increased replication of brucellae in mammary glands. Lactating mammae are less susceptible to bacterial pathogens that invade through the teat canal, apparently due to physical removal of pathogens with the milk.20,27 Brucellae are disseminated hematogenously to mammary glands; howe...

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“…15 The large numbers of neutrophils in peripheral and medullary sinuses of supramammary and iliac lymph nodes from 3 of the cattle were nonspecific lesions indicative of inflammation in the mammary gland areas drained by these nodes. The changes may have resulted from B. suis infection or other causes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Lymph node lesions of B. abortus in cattle. 8,11,16 and goats 15 and B. suis in swine 10 usually consist of purulent to granulomatous lymphadenitis. The renal lesions observed in cows 4 and 6 were similar to those reported in B. abortus-infected cattle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucella SuisBiovar 1 in Naturally Infected Cattle: A Bacteriological, Serological, and Histological Study

et al. 1997

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Brucella suis is the causative agent of brucellosis in swine, rabbits, reindeer, and caribou. 1,2,6,9,17,18 Brucella suis has also been reported to infect dogs, horses, humans, and cattle but has been considered a noncontagious disease in nonprimary hosts. 1 The number of B. suis isolates from bovine tissue and/or milk confirmed or identified at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) varied from 5 in 1986 to a high of 15 in 1991. Most of these isolates were from animals in the swamp areas of the southeastern United States, especially southern Florida. A large population of feral swine are located in the same area as the B. suis-infected cattle. Approximately 25% of the feral swine are seropositive for brucellosis. 20 Little information about the disease process produced by B. suis biovar 1 in cattle has been reported. 9,17 The purpose of this study was to examine the bacterial, serological, and histological effects of B. suis in naturally infected cattle.Six cows (1-6) naturally infected with B. suis biovar 1 and 1 calf (2A) from cow 2 were obtained from 4 southern Florida counties (Brevard, Hardee, Hendry, and Osceola). Two serologically negative, nonvaccinated cows (7 and 8) and a serologically negative bull (9) were included as control animals to monitor transmission. Six calves (2B, 3A, 4A, 5A, and 6A) were born to the infected cows in the study, and 4 calves (7A, 7B, 8A, and 8B) were born to the control cows during the study. All animals, including the calves, were kept together in an animal biosafety level 2 facility at the NVSL. After 2 years, tissue and serum samples were collected at necropsy from all the animals in the study except for the offspring of the 2 control cows, cultured for Brucella, and tested for Brucella antibodies.Heparinized blood samples, vaginal swabs, and quarter milk samples were collected from the cattle biweekly and cultured for Brucella. 13 Serum samples and quarter milk samples were evaluated for the presence of Brucella antiFrom the US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA 50010.Received for publication December 6, 1995. bodies. 3 Placentas were collected and cultured for Brucella at the time of parturition. The following tissues were collected from the cows at necropsy: lymph nodes (pharyngeal, prescapular, mammary or scrotal, parotid, mandibular, bronchial, internal and external iliac, mesenteric, lumbar, and hepatic), mammary gland, spleen, lung, uterus, ovary, kidney, liver, epididymis, and testicle. A portion of each tissue specimen was processed and inoculated on selective media for Brucella, and the remainder was placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and routinely processed for histopathologic examination. Brucella isolates were identified by the approved methods. 4 Sera were tested for Brucella antibodies by the following tests: card, buffered acid plate antigen (BAPA), complement fixation (CF), mercaptoethanol (ME), standard plate agglutination (...

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Pathogenesis of Brucella abortus Infection of the Mammary Gland and Supramammary Lymph Node of the Goat

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

The quest for a true One Health perspective of brucellosis

The quest for a true One Health perspective of brucellosis

Effect of Nursing on Brucella abortus Infection of Mammary Glands of Goats

Brucella SuisBiovar 1 in Naturally Infected Cattle: A Bacteriological, Serological, and Histological Study

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