Pathogenesis of infections due to coagulasenegative staphylococci

Eiff, Christof von; Peters, Georg; Heilmann, Christine

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(02)00438-3

Cited by 728 publications

(518 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…During the last two decades, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have also emerged as pathogens causing medical-device-related infections (von Eiff et al, 2002). Because of the pathogenic potential of these bacteria, effective methods are required for their in vitro identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of staphylococci by 16S internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism

Sudağıdan

Yenidünya

Güneş

2005

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The capacity of 16S internal transcribed spacer (16S-ITS) rRNA gene RFLP to differentiate 16 type strains and nine clinical isolates of staphylococci was evaluated. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified together with the ITS region and the amplification products were digested with TaqI restriction enzyme. Analysis of the 16S-ITS rRNA gene RFLP profiles differentiated each of the 16 type strains into distinct RFLP haplotypes. INTRODUCTIONThe habitat of staphylococci is skin, skin glands and mucous membranes of humans and many animals. The genus Staphylococcus includes both pathogenic and saprophytic strains that have been isolated from animal products such as meat and milk, and from environmental sources such as soil, sea water, fresh water, dust and air samples (Kloos et al., 1991).Coagulase-positive species such as Staphylococcus aureus are the cause of many types of infection (Forbes et al., 1998). During the last two decades, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have also emerged as pathogens causing medical-device-related infections (von Eiff et al., 2002). Because of the pathogenic potential of these bacteria, effective methods are required for their in vitro identification. Beside fatty acid analyses, many diagnostic tests rely on a miniaturized phenotypic characterization and a set of biochemical reactions. These methods enable the identification of S. aureus isolates, but often fail in the identification of CNS (Stoakes et al., 1994;Renneberg et al., 1995;Martineau et al., 1996). Analysis of specific regions of genomic DNA, on the other hand, has produced much more discriminative data. For example, several genomic targets have been effectively used for the identification of Staphylococcus species, including the 16S rRNA gene (Bialkowska-Hobrzanska et al., 1990;De Buyser et al., 1992), the tRNA gene intergenic spacer (Maes et al., 1997), the internal transcribed spacer (Couto et al., 2001), the heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) gene (Goh et al., 1996), the chaperonin 60 gene (Goh et al., 1997), the femA gene (Vannuffel et al., 1999), the sodA gene (Poyart et al., 2001), the gap gene (Yugueros et al., 2000) and the nuc gene (Brakstad et al., 1992). Recently, an enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and BOX-PCR were also used in the identification of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains (Wieser & Busse, 2000). . The nine clinical isolates were S. capitis subsp. capitis (n ¼ 2), S. caprae (n ¼ 2), S. cohnii subsp. cohnii (n ¼ 1) and S. epidermidis (n ¼ 4). The clinical isolates were identified by basic phenotypic tests and the Staph ID 32 system (bioMérieux). All strains were cultured in tryptic soy broth (TSB; Merck) at 37 8C and stored in 25 % (v/v) glycerol at À80 8C.16S-ITS rRNA gene PCR. Genomic DNA was isolated as described by Arciola et al. (2001). Briefly, 100 ìl of overnight culture prepared in 5 ml TSB at 37 8C with shaking was pelleted by centrifugation. Cell pellets were resuspended in 45 ìl deionized water and 5 ìl lysostaphin solution (100 ìg ml À1 in dH 2 O; Sigma) and incubated for 10 min...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of staphylococci by 16S internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism

Sudağıdan

Yenidünya

Güneş

2005

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Since the early 1980s, it has gained substantial attention because it has been recognized as one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections (Vuong & Otto, 2002;Raad et al, 1998). S. epidermidis is mainly found in nosocomial cardiovascular infections, bloodstream infections and infections of the eye, ear, nose and throat (von Eiff et al, 2002).The staphylococcus accessory gene regulator (agr) locus is the most important locus responsible for growth-phasedependent regulation of virulence factors (Otto et al, 1998). The gene structure and sequences of the S. epidermidis agr system are very similar to those of Staphylococcus aureus, and the locus may play a comparable role.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic polymorphism of the accessory gene regulator (agr) locus in Staphylococcus epidermidis and its association with pathogenicity

Guan

Jiang

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Staphylococcus epidermidis has become one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections in recent years. The staphylococcal accessory gene regulator (agr) is the most important locus responsible for the regulation of virulence factors, and it has been shown to be polymorphic. The aim of this study was to investigate the agr locus and its genetic polymorphisms in different Chinese S. epidermidis isolates and the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and pathogenicity. Specific PCR was used to amplify the different agr groups. Results were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. agr mutations were detected and three agr groups of S. epidermidis were determined. Of the isolates, 12 % were pathogenic S. epidermidis and 17 % had naturally occurring agr mutations (P . 0 . 05). Pathogenic S. epidermidis isolates comprised 68 . 2 % agr group I, 19 . 3 % group II and 12 . 5 % group III, while isolates from healthy controls comprised 39 % agr group I, 51 % group II and 10 % group III (P , 0 . 01). The percentages of agr locus mutants and the three agr groups in different hospitals showed no significant differences (P . 0 . 05). The percentage of agr group I S. epidermidis isolated from catheters and blood was higher than that isolated from the other clinical specimens. This is the first study to investigate the genetic polymorphism of agr in S. epidermidis in China. The mean percentage of agr locus mutants was 14 . 9 % (12 % in clinical specimens; 17 . 7 % in controls). Genetic polymorphism of agr in S. epidermidis was linked to its pathogenicity; group I was associated with pathogenicity, while most isolates from healthy subjects were group II. The mechanism is to be investigated. INTRODUCTIONUntil recently, Staphylococcus epidermidis had been regarded as a commensal inhabitant of human skin and mucus that rarely caused disease. Since the early 1980s, it has gained substantial attention because it has been recognized as one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections (Vuong & Otto, 2002;Raad et al., 1998). S. epidermidis is mainly found in nosocomial cardiovascular infections, bloodstream infections and infections of the eye, ear, nose and throat (von Eiff et al., 2002).The staphylococcus accessory gene regulator (agr) locus is the most important locus responsible for growth-phasedependent regulation of virulence factors (Otto et al., 1998). The gene structure and sequences of the S. epidermidis agr system are very similar to those of Staphylococcus aureus, and the locus may play a comparable role. The agr system, in both S. aureus and S. epidermidis, is approximately 3 . 5 kb in size with 68 % similarity, and comprises the genes agrA, agrB, agrC and agrD, which are co-transcribed (RNAII). As a gene for the effector molecule of the agr system, RNAIII also encodes delta toxin (hld). RNAIII controls expressions of target genes in an unknown manner (Vuong et al., 2000a). The agr system is activated during the transition from exponential to stationary growth phase by an auto-re...

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“…1 Como resultado, o tratamento das infecções bacterianas tem se tornado um desafio para os profissionais da saúde, cientistas e governantes, assim como para as indústrias farmacêuticas.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…1 No final dos anos 80 e início dos anos 90, a comunidade médica foi surpreendida pelo aumento do número de doenças infecciosas causadas por cepas de MRSA multirresistentes. A vancomicina é o medicamento de primeira escolha no tratamento de infecções causadas por estes microrganismos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Atividade antibacteriana de floroglucinóis e do extrato hexânico de Hypericum brasiliense Choysi

França¹,

Kuster²,

Rito³

et al. 2009

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 10/10/07; aceito em 11/12/08; publicado na web em 28/4/09 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE PHLOROGLUCINOLS AND HEXANIC EXTRACT FROM Hypericum brasiliense Choysi. Three phloroglucinols were obtained from Hypericum brasiliense: japonicine A (1), isouliginosin B (2) and uliginosin B (3). Bioautography and disk diffusion methods were used to determine antibacterial activity of the hexanic extract. Strains of the Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus and American Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones showed a growth inhibition zone ranging from 10 to 12 mm and 7 to 15 mm, respectively. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were used to measure antistaphylococcal activity for all phloroglucinols. Isouliginosin B and uliginosin B presented MIC values of 1.5 and 3.0 µg/mL, respectively, while japonicine A displayed MIC value of 50.0 µg/mL. Keywords: Hypericum brasiliense; antibacterial activity; phloroglucinol. O gênero Hypericum é representado por 420 espécies pertencentes à família das Clusiaceae (Guttiferae). Esta família é composta por espécies com importantes efeitos farmacológicos e biológicos tais como antibacteriano, antiviral, antioxidante, atividade citótoxica e antidepressiva. 3,4 O Hypericum perforatum é a espécie medicinal mais reconhecida, amplamente estudada e utilizada no tratamento de depressão leve a moderada. 5 Alguns estudos clínicos e experimentais propõem que o mecanismo de ação parece estar relacionado com o bloqueio não seletivo da recaptação de serotonina, noradrenalina e dopamina. Os efeitos antidepressivos são devidos especialmente à hiperforina, um derivado de floroglucinol. 6 Outros derivados de floroglucinóis, conjugados com o ácido filicínico, demonstraram excelente atividade antiestafilocócica, podendo-se considerar o gênero Hypericum como uma fonte de moléculas com potencial atividade antibacteriana. 7 No Brasil, a família Clusiaceae é representada por 21 gêneros e 183 espécies, sendo o Hypericum brasiliense o mais estudado. 4 Esta planta é um arbusto bianual, encontrada nas regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil 8 e é usada na medicina tradicional com propriedades antiespasmódicas e no tratamento de doenças infecciosas. 9 O H. brasiliense é quimicamente constituído de flavonóides, xantonas e floroglucinóis derivados do ácido filicínico com significativos efeitos farmacológicos e biológicos. Observou-se que as xantonas apresentaram efeito de inibição sobre a enzima monoamina oxidase (MAO), assim como atividade antifúngica, e o extrato hidroalcoólico mostrou atividades analgésica em ratos e antidepressiva. 10 Considerando que os derivados de floroglucinóis isolados de H. brasiliense são responsáveis pela atividade antibacteriana, 10 o objetivo deste trabalho foi o isolamento bioguiado destas substâncias por métodos cromatográficos. Em paralelo, a atividade do extrato hexano contra MRSA de diferentes regiões do continente americano, assim como MRCNS isolados de pacientes hospitalares, foi investigada. Além disto, também foram avaliadas as atividades dos floroglucinóis is...

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Pathogenesis of infections due to coagulasenegative staphylococci

Cited by 728 publications

References 88 publications

Identification of staphylococci by 16S internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism

Identification of staphylococci by 16S internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism

Genetic polymorphism of the accessory gene regulator (agr) locus in Staphylococcus epidermidis and its association with pathogenicity

Atividade antibacteriana de floroglucinóis e do extrato hexânico de Hypericum brasiliense Choysi

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