Pathogenic genotype of major piroplasm surface protein associated with anemia in Theileria orientalis infection in cattle

Kim, Suhee; Yu, Dihua; Chae, Jeong-Byoung; Choi, Kyoung-Seong; Kim, Hyeon‐Cheol; Park, Bae‐Keun; Chae, Joon‐Seok; Park, Jinho

doi:10.1186/s13028-017-0318-8

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Phylogenetic analysis using major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) sequences of numerous isolates identified 11 allelic genotypes [ 2 ], with the Buffeli, Chitose, p32, and Ikeda genotypes being most prevalent in Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S [ 2 , 3 ]. T. orientalis genotypes vary widely in virulence [ 4 ]. The Ikeda genotype results in severe infection in 1–6% of infected animals [ 5 , 6 ], while infection with the Buffeli genotype is almost always clinically silent [ 3 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A U.S. isolate of Theileria orientalis, Ikeda genotype, is transmitted to cattle by the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis

et al. 2021

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Background Theileria orientalis is a tick-borne hemoparasite that causes anemia, ill thrift, and death in cattle globally. The Ikeda strain of T.orientalis is more virulent than other strains, leading to severe clinical signs and death of up to 5% of affected animals. Within the Asia–Pacific region, where it affects 25% of Australian cattle, T.orientalis Ikeda has a significant economic impact on the cattle industry. In 2017, T.orientalis Ikeda was detected in a cattle herd in Albermarle County, Virginia, United States. Months earlier, the U.S. was alerted to the invasion of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, throughout the eastern U.S. Abundant H.longicornis ticks were identified on cattle in the T.orientalis-affected herd in VA, and a subset of ticks from the environment were PCR-positive for T.orientalis Ikeda. A strain of T.orientalis from a previous U.S. outbreak was not transmissible by H.longicornis; however, H.longicornis is the primary tick vector of T.orientalis Ikeda in other regions of the world. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether invasive H.longicornis ticks in the U.S. are competent vectors of T.orientalis Ikeda. Methods Nymphal H.longicornis ticks were fed on a splenectomized calf infected with the VA-U.S.-T.orientalis Ikeda strain. After molting, a subset of adult ticks from this cohort were dissected, and salivary glands assayed for T.orientalis Ikeda via qPCR. The remaining adult ticks from the group were allowed to feed on three calves. Calves were subsequently monitored for T.orientalis Ikeda infection via blood smear cytology and PCR. Results After acquisition feeding on a VA-U.S.-T.orientalis Ikeda-infected calf as nymphs, a subset of molted adult tick salivary glands tested positive by qPCR for T.orientalis Ikeda. Adult ticks from the same cohort successfully transmitted T.orientalis Ikeda to 3/3 naïve calves, each of which developed parasitemia reaching 0.4–0.9%. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that U.S. H.longicornis ticks are competent vectors of the VA-U.S.-T.orientalis Ikeda strain. This data provides important information for the U.S. cattle industry regarding the potential spread of this parasite and the necessity of enhanced surveillance and control measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A U.S. isolate of Theileria orientalis, Ikeda genotype, is transmitted to cattle by the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis

et al. 2021

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“…When multiple B. bovis strains with distinct MSA-1 variants are transmitted by vector ticks, a new variant could probably be generated within ticks' mid-gut via genetic exchange, which might be the reason for the emergence and expansion of new variants in cattle populations [32]. The clinical significance of infection with distinct B. bovis variants has not been recorded; however, it was confirmed that several variants of T. orientalis and B. rossi were closely associated with outbreaks of theileriosis and babesiosis, respectively [35][36][37]. The relationship between genetic variants in the MSA genes and clinical status remains unknown, and requires investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic Diversity of Babesia bovis MSA-1, MSA-2b and MSA-2c in China

et al. 2020

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The apicomplexan parasite Babesia bovis is a tick-borne intracellular hemoprotozoan parasite that is widespread across China. Genetic diversity is an important strategy used by parasites to escape the immune responses of their hosts. In our present study, 575 blood samples, collected from cattle in 10 provinces, were initially screened using a nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for detection of B. bovis infection. To perform genetic diversity analyses, positive samples were further amplified to obtain sequences of three B. bovis merozoite surface antigen genes (MSA-1, MSA-2b, MSA-2c). The results of the nested PCR approach showed that an average of 8.9% (51/575) of cattle were positive for B. bovis infection. Phylogenetic analyses of the predicted amino acid sequences revealed that unique antigen variants were formed only by Chinese isolates. Our findings provide vital information for understanding the genetic diversity of B. bovis in China.

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“…Regardless, the Ikeda genotype has been associated with recent clinical outbreaks in New Zealand [67,96,97]. Another Korean study [74] also suggested Chitose to independently establish clinical infection in cattle, but mixed infections were not accounted for in the study.…”

Section: Clinical Disease Infection Dynamics and The Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, some studies have suggested MPSP genotypes Chitose (Type 1) [46, 74] and 7 [38] to be associated with clinical disease. The clinical relevance of these genotypes cannot be confirmed as COX III and 18S rRNA genes were used to characterise the samples instead of the MPSP gene in one study [46] or the possibility of mixed infections with Ikeda genotype was not investigated [1,38,74]. Nonetheless, Type 7 is phylogenetically related to the Ikeda genotype [1], and may indeed represent a pathogenic genotype…”

Section: Global Distribution Of T Orientalismentioning

confidence: 99%

Oriental Theileriosis

Yam¹,

Bogema²,

Jenkins³

2019

Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens

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Theileria orientalis, the causative agent of oriental theileriosis, is an apicomplexan haemoparasite and is one of several tick-borne Theileria spp. infecting cattle. Unlike the highly pathogenic transforming Theileria species (T. annulata and T. parva) which induce uncontrolled lymphocytic proliferation, T. orientalis is a non-transforming strain exerting its major pathogenic effects via erythrocyte destruction. Clinical symptoms associated with oriental theileriosis are largely consequences of the underlying anaemia. Because of its non-transforming nature, T. orientalis was previously considered a benign parasite, however, in the recent years, clinical outbreaks of T. orientalis have been increasingly observed throughout Asia and Australasia. Recent rapid spread of clinical theileriosis has been linked to a pathogenic genotype of the parasite, genotype Ikeda (Type 2). The geographic distribution of clinical outbreaks correlates to the range of the major vector tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, although other vectors and modes of transmission are possible. This review includes discussion of T. orientalis epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, treatment and control and provides an update on the taxonomy of this organism which is still under debate.

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Pathogenic genotype of major piroplasm surface protein associated with anemia in Theileria orientalis infection in cattle

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

A U.S. isolate of Theileria orientalis, Ikeda genotype, is transmitted to cattle by the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis

A U.S. isolate of Theileria orientalis, Ikeda genotype, is transmitted to cattle by the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis

Genetic Diversity of Babesia bovis MSA-1, MSA-2b and MSA-2c in China

Oriental Theileriosis

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