Pathogenic<i>Leptospira</i>spp. in Bats, Madagascar and Union of the Comoros

Lagadec, Erwan; Gomard, Yann; Guernier, Vanina; Dietrich, Muriel; Pascalis, Hervé; Temmam, Sarah; Ramasindrazana, Beza; Goodman, Steven M.; Tortosa, Pablo; Dellagi, Koussay

doi:10.3201/eid1810.111898

Cited by 58 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Islands of this region are among one of the 34 world biodiversity hotspots [2] and host nearly 50 bat species, and on Madagascar nearly 80% are endemic [3]. The phylogenetic and phylogeographic relations of much of the regional bat fauna, including species boundaries and distributional limits, are generally well resolved, while the description of potentially pathogenic microparasites has commenced [4], [5]. However, only fragmentary data are available concerning bat ectoparasites, which were targeted in the context of this study with the aim of understanding the level of host specificity and bat roosting associations as a window into their evolutionary history.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary History of Indian Ocean Nycteribiid Bat Flies Mirroring the Ecology of Their Hosts

et al. 2013

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Bats and their parasites are increasingly investigated for their role in maintenance and transmission of potentially emerging pathogens. The islands of the western Indian Ocean hold nearly 50 bat species, mostly endemic and taxonomically well studied. However, investigation of associated viral, bacterial, and external parasites has lagged behind. In the case of their ectoparasites, more detailed information should provide insights into the evolutionary history of their hosts, as well as pathogen cycles in these wild animals. Here we investigate species of Nycteribiidae, a family of obligate hematophagous wingless flies parasitizing bats. Using morphological and molecular approaches, we describe fly species diversity sampled on Madagascar and the Comoros for two cave-roosting bat genera with contrasting ecologies: Miniopterus and Rousettus. Within the sampling area, 11 endemic species of insect-feeding Miniopterus occur, two of which are common to Madagascar and Comoros, while fruit-consuming Rousettus are represented by one species endemic to each of these zones. Morphological and molecular characterization of flies reveals that nycteribiids associated with Miniopterus bats comprise three species largely shared by most host species. Flies of M. griveaudi, one of the two bats found on Madagascar and certain islands in the Comoros, belong to the same taxon, which accords with continued over-water population exchange of this bat species and the lack of inter-island genetic structuring. Flies parasitizing Rousettus belong to two distinct species, each associated with a single host species, again in accordance with the distribution of each endemic bat species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary History of Indian Ocean Nycteribiid Bat Flies Mirroring the Ecology of Their Hosts

et al. 2013

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“…ats are increasingly recognized as natural reservoirs of a large number of emerging infectious agents (1)(2)(3)(4). It is thus implicit that vectors of bat-borne disease will play important roles in the epidemiology and dynamics of infectious agents that can eventually emerge in human populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Bacteriome of Bat Flies (Nycteribiidae) from the Malagasy Region: a Community Shaped by Host Ecology, Bacterial Transmission Mode, and Host-Vector Specificity

Wilkinson

Duron

Cordonin

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The Nycteribiidae are obligate blood-sucking Diptera (Hippoboscoidea) flies that parasitize bats. Depending on species, these wingless flies exhibit either high specialism or generalism toward their hosts, which may in turn have important consequences in terms of their associated microbial community structure. Bats have been hypothesized to be reservoirs of numerous infectious agents, some of which have recently emerged in human populations. Thus, bat flies may be important in the epidemiology and transmission of some of these bat-borne infectious diseases, acting either directly as arthropod vectors or indirectly by shaping pathogen communities among bat populations. In addition, bat flies commonly have associations with heritable bacterial endosymbionts that inhabit insect cells and depend on maternal transmission through egg cytoplasm to ensure their transmission. Some of these heritable bacteria are likely obligate mutualists required to support bat fly development, but others are facultative symbionts with unknown effects. Here, we present bacterial community profiles that were obtained from seven bat fly species, representing five genera, parasitizing bats from the Malagasy region. The observed bacterial diversity includes Rickettsia, Wolbachia, and several Arsenophonus-like organisms, as well as other members of the Enterobacteriales and a widespread association of Bartonella bacteria from bat flies of all five genera. Using the well-described host specificity of these flies and data on community structure from selected bacterial taxa with either vertical or horizontal transmission, we show that host/vector specificity and transmission mode are important drivers of bacterial community structure. Bats are increasingly recognized as natural reservoirs of a large number of emerging infectious agents (1-4). It is thus implicit that vectors of bat-borne disease will play important roles in the epidemiology and dynamics of infectious agents that can eventually emerge in human populations. Further, bats are hosts to different ectoparasites, including mites, fleas, ticks, and bat flies (5, 6). Bat flies (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) are obligate blood-sucking parasites that are classically divided into two families-the Streblidae and the Nycteribiidae (7). Together, the Hippoboscidae (louse or ked flies), Streblidae, and Nycteribiidae are referred to as the Pupipara sensu stricto due to their adenotrophic viviparity, where all larval developmental stages occur within the adult female's body and the larva are nourished by milk glands until they are ready to pupate. This particularity of the Pupipara sensu stricto is thought to promote vertical parasite transmission, thus influencing the epidemiological role of these vectors in disease transmission.To date, studies of microorganisms associated with nycteribiids have mainly focused on two groups of bacteria-Bartonella spp. (8-11) and Arsenophonus-like organisms (referred to here as ALOs) (12-15). These bacterial genera offer contrasting model systems for investigating t...

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“…However, it is interesting that our result showed pathogenic Leptospira isolated from rats have close relationship with Leptospira isolated from other host and environment [25][26][27][28][29][30]. This means that the Leptospira circulating in the rats, animals, humans, and environment were genetically similar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Genetic variation of Leptospira isolated from rats catched in Yogyakarta Indonesia

Sumanta¹,

Wibawa

Hadisusanto

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine

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PathogenicLeptospiraspp. in Bats, Madagascar and Union of the Comoros

Cited by 58 publications

References 9 publications

Evolutionary History of Indian Ocean Nycteribiid Bat Flies Mirroring the Ecology of Their Hosts

Evolutionary History of Indian Ocean Nycteribiid Bat Flies Mirroring the Ecology of Their Hosts

The Bacteriome of Bat Flies (Nycteribiidae) from the Malagasy Region: a Community Shaped by Host Ecology, Bacterial Transmission Mode, and Host-Vector Specificity

Genetic variation of Leptospira isolated from rats catched in Yogyakarta Indonesia

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