Pathogenic interactions between Chlamydophila psittaci and avian pneumovirus infections in turkeys

Loock, Marnix Van; Loots, Karolien; Zande, Saskia van de; Heerden, Marjolein van; Nauwynck, Hans; Goddeeris, Bruno; Vanrompay, Daisy

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.10.013

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Furthermore, this result coincides with the incubation period of three to seven days in experimentally infected turkeys ( Van Loock, 2006). The data regarding in vivo infection of chickens with aMPV are less clear, therefore the time of incubation may vary and has to be investigated in more detail in the future.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Avian metapneumovirus infection of chicken and turkey tracheal organ cultures: comparison of virus–host interactions

Hartmann¹,

Sid²,

Rautenschlein³

2015

Avian Pathology

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Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a pathogen with worldwide distribution, which can cause high economic losses in infected poultry. aMPV mainly causes infection of the upper respiratory tract in both chickens and turkeys, although turkeys seem to be more susceptible. Little is known about virus-host interactions at epithelial surfaces after aMPV infection. Tracheal organ cultures (TOC) are a suitable model to investigate virus-host interaction in the respiratory epithelium. Therefore, we investigated virus replication rates and lesion development in chicken and turkey TOC after infection with a virulent aMPV subtype A strain. Aspects of the innate immune response, such as interferon-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression, as well as virus-induced apoptosis were determined. The aMPV-replication rate was higher in turkey (TTOC) compared to chicken TOC (CTOC) (P < 0.05), providing circumstantial evidence that indeed turkeys may be more susceptible. The interferon-α response was down-regulated from 2 to 144 hours post infection in both species compared to virus-free controls (P < 0.05); this was more significant for CTOC than TTOC. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was significantly up-regulated in aMPV-A-infected TTOC and CTOC compared to virus-free controls (P < 0.05). However, the results suggest that NO may play a different role in aMPV pathogenesis between turkeys and chickens as indicated by differences in apoptosis rate and lesion development between species. Overall, our study reveals differences in innate immune response regulation and therefore may explain differences in aMPV -A replication rates between infected TTOC and CTOC, which subsequently lead to more severe clinical signs and a higher rate of secondary infections in turkeys.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Avian metapneumovirus infection of chicken and turkey tracheal organ cultures: comparison of virus–host interactions

Hartmann¹,

Sid²,

Rautenschlein³

2015

Avian Pathology

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“…Reports about the influence of aMPV infection on antibody production are inconsistent. In most studies, no effects on seroconversion against co-administered pathogens were observed (Turpin et al, 2002;Jirjis et al, 2004;Van Loock et al, 2006), whereas experimental co-infection of aMPV with M. gallisepticum or M. imitans resulted in increased antibody response, presumably due to higher amounts and broader distribution of the secondary pathogens (Naylor et al, 1992;Ganapathy et al, 1998). In contrast to this, Chary et al (2002b) reported that HEV vaccination at 2 or 4 days after experimental aMPV infection resulted in decreased HEV-specific antibody response and reduced efficacy of the vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis ofRiemerella anatipestiferin turkeys after experimental mono-infection via respiratory routes or dual infection together with the avian metapneumovirus

Rubbenstroth

Ryll

Behr³

et al. 2009

Avian Pathology

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“…A systemic immunosuppression has been proposed as an additional consequence of aMPV infection by several authors, demonstrated by reduced ex vivo mitogen response of leukocytes (Chary et al, 2002a), inhibited phytohemagglutinin skin test response (Timms et al, 1986) and impaired efficacy of haemorrhagic enteritis virus vaccination (Chary et al, 2002b). By these means aMPV-induced disease supports establishment and manifestation of secondary respiratory infections in chickens and turkeys, as experimentally demonstrated for a number of bacterial pathogens Van de Zande et al, 2001;Marien et al, 2005;Van Loock et al, 2006). aMPV is therefore considered a cause of major economic losses to the turkey industry worldwide (Gough, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Investigations on the protective role of passively transferred antibodies against avian metapneumovirus infection in turkeys

Rubbenstroth

Rautenschlein

2009

Avian Pathology

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The avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is the causative agent of an acute respiratory disease in turkeys, which causes considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. Currently attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are widely used to control the disease, but vaccine breaks are frequently observed. For improvement of current vaccination strategies it is necessary to gain enhanced knowledge of the immune mechanisms against aMPV infection. Field observations suggest that vaccine-induced aMPV-specific antibodies are not indicative for protection. In the present study we investigated the role of antibodies in protection of turkeys against aMPV. In two experiments, commercial turkey poults received aMPV-specific antibodies by intravenous injection. The antibody transfer resulted in increased antibody levels in the sera. Virus-specific antibodies were also detected on mucosal surfaces such as the trachea, conjunctivae and gall bladder. Turkeys were subsequently challenged with a virulent aMPV subtype A strain. Development of clinical signs, virus detection by polymerase chain reaction and histopathological changes of tracheal mucosa in challenged turkeys with and without passively transferred antibodies were comparable with each other. Our results suggest that humoral immunity does not provide sufficient protection against aMPV infection. Thus, the measurement of vaccineinduced aMPV antibody response may not be considered as an adequate indicator of vaccine efficacy. Further research on the protective role of cell-mediated immune mechanisms is necessary to improve current vaccine strategies.

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Pathogenic interactions between Chlamydophila psittaci and avian pneumovirus infections in turkeys

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Avian metapneumovirus infection of chicken and turkey tracheal organ cultures: comparison of virus–host interactions

Avian metapneumovirus infection of chicken and turkey tracheal organ cultures: comparison of virus–host interactions

Pathogenesis ofRiemerella anatipestiferin turkeys after experimental mono-infection via respiratory routes or dual infection together with the avian metapneumovirus

Investigations on the protective role of passively transferred antibodies against avian metapneumovirus infection in turkeys

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