Pathogenicity and genomic characterization of a pseudorabies virus variant isolated from Bartha-K61-vaccinated swine population in China

Luo, Yuzi; Li, Na; Xu, Cong; Wang, Chunhua; Du, Min; Li, Lin; Zhao, Bibo; Yuan, Jianmin; Liu, Dandan; Li, Su; Li, Yongfeng; Sun, Yuan; Qiu, Hua‐Ji

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.003

Cited by 162 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This suggested that the PR vaccine was not effective against wild-type PR infection. According to recent studies, the causative agent of the outbreak was a PRV variant that showed enhanced pathogenicity [3,7,8,10]. In the present study, the PRV strain SH2012 was isolated in 2012 from an infected pig farm in Shanghai, China that used the typical vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The causative agent of the outbreaks was confirmed to be a PRV variant [3,9]. The PRV variant was shown to be both antigenically different from the classical PRVs and more pathogenic in older pigs [3,7,8,10]. Previous studies on immunological protection in sheep have shown that the Bartha-K61 vaccine does not provide complete protection against the emerging PRV variant, but could offer full protection against infection with PRV strain SC (an earlier virulent strain in China) [3,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Infection of Sheep With Pseudorabies Viruses Isolated In Shanghai, China, Between 2010 and 2012

Ju¹,

Yang²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

Eur J Exp Bio

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For many years, pseudorabies has been efficiently controlled in China by vaccination. However, a sudden outbreak occurred on many pig farms during 2012-2013. In this study, phylogenetic analysis was carried out with the aim of understanding the genetic relatedness between strains in both populations and comparing strains in China with those circulating in other countries. To obtain more pathogenetic relevant data regarding two pseudorabies virus (PRV) isolates (SH2010 and SH2012) in sheep, we evaluated samples of PRV isolated in Shanghai, China between 2010 and 2012. Based on clinical signs, body temperature variation, and the maximum amounts of viral DNA in unvaccinated/infected sheep, the emerging PRV variant strain, SH2012 was observed to be more highly virulent than the traditional PRV SH2010 strain. The data of the present study will aid in a better understanding of the differences in pathogenicity between the traditional PRV SH2010 strain and the emerging PRV variant strain SH2012.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Infection of Sheep With Pseudorabies Viruses Isolated In Shanghai, China, Between 2010 and 2012

Ju¹,

Yang²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

Eur J Exp Bio

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“…The PRV TJ strain (PRVTJ), a virulent PRV variant (15), and the highly virulent CSFV Shimen strain were used for PRV-and CSFV-specific neutralizing test and virus challenge. The gE-and gI-de-leted PRV mutants rPRVTJ-delgE and rPRVTJ-delgE/gI-EGFP were described previously ( Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since late 2011, however, PR has reemerged in a large number of Bartha-K61-vaccinated swine herds in many regions of China and caused great economic losses to the pig industry. Sequence analysis indicated that the recently emerging PRV isolates from various regions of China were clustered into an independent branch in the phylogenetic tree, which was relatively distant from earlier ones (13)(14)(15)(16). Recently, we showed that rPRVTJ-delgE, a gE/gI-deleted PRV mutant based on the emergent PRV variant, was safe for pigs and provided complete protection against lethal challenge with the PRV variant (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Generation and Efficacy Evaluation of a Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus Variant Expressing the E2 Protein of Classical Swine Fever Virus in Pigs

Wang

Yuan

et al. 2015

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Classical swine fever (CSF) is an economically important infectious disease of pigs caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Pseudorabies (PR), which is caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), is another important infectious disease of pigs and other animals. Coinfections of pigs with PRV and CSFV occur occasionally in the field. The modified live vaccine Bartha-K61 strain has played an important role in the control of PR in many countries, including China. Since late 2011, however, increasing PR outbreaks caused by an emerging PRV variant have been reported in Bartha-K61-vaccinated swine populations on many farms in China. Previously, we generated a gE/gI-deleted PRV (rPRVTJ-delgE) based on this PRV variant, which was shown to be safe and can provide rapid and complete protection against lethal challenge with the PRV variant in pigs. Here, we generated a new recombinant PRV variant expressing the E2 gene of CSFV (rPRVTJ-delgE/gI-E2) and evaluated its immunogenicity and efficacy in pigs. The results showed that rPRVTJ-delgE/gI-E2 was safe for pigs, induced detectable anti-PRV and anti-CSFV neutralizing antibodies, and provided complete protection against the lethal challenge with either the PRV TJ strain or the CSFV Shimen strain. The data indicate that rPRVTJ-delgE/gI-E2 is a promising candidate bivalent vaccine against PRV and CSFV coinfections.

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“…We also noticed that some watchdogs and sheep in or around the pig farms were infected by Single † G54D D59N N63D V105A¦ V106L A122S R149M T179S (I) Q (R)181L R200Q V448I G471R R473H A503I S508A G511S G518K|| V521A A525P S572N Sequential ‡ 215-216 (LA > AD) 576-577 (NA > MS) Insertions § 48 (+D) 496 (+D) * According to the presentation by Luo et al 8 aa = amino acid. † Single aa residues changes are written in standard format, including aa of the western isolates, its position, and the aa residue found in protein sequence of the SD-2013 strain and/or recent Chinese isolates (e.g., G54D).…”

Section: Research-article2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of variant pseudorabies virus in Bartha-K61–vaccinated piglets in central Shandong Province, China

Zhang

et al. 2015

J VET Diagn Invest

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An epidemic that mainly endangered 3–7-day-old piglets struck many farms in Shandong Province, China in 2013 and caused heavy losses. To identify the pathogenesis, the type of lesions, and the causative agent, systemic examinations were performed. Autopsy showed multiple lesions, including necrotic foci of the spleen and liver, punctate hemorrhage of the renal cortex, and interstitial pneumonia. Histological examinations showed typical nonsuppurative encephalitis, necrotic lymphocytes, and reticuloendothelial cells in lymphatic tissues, as well as eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the nuclei of reticuloendothelial cells, necrotic foci in liver cells, and hemorrhagic glomeruli. The average seroprevalence rate of field pseudorabies virus (PRV; Suid herpesvirus 1) of a representative farm tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 46%, indicating that the PRV infectious pressure was quite severe especially among gilts, young multiparous sows, boars, and growing–finishing pigs. The glycoprotein E (gE) gene of PRV was detected in 8 of 10 clinical samples, and the virus in the positive samples induced obvious cytopathic effects. An immunoperoxidase monolayer assay showed that PRV antigens were distributed both in the nucleoli and cytoplasm of infected cells. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the gE gene showed that the strain isolated herein, TaiAn SD 2013, was highly similar to previously isolated strains, especially those isolated in northern China in 2013, and was closely related to other isolates from Asia. Evidence confirmed that the variant PRV was the etiologic agent of this epidemic, suggesting that the Bartha-K61 vaccine does not provide complete protection against PRV infection. Further challenge tests are ongoing to investigate the virulence of variant PRV.

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Pathogenicity and genomic characterization of a pseudorabies virus variant isolated from Bartha-K61-vaccinated swine population in China

Cited by 162 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental Infection of Sheep With Pseudorabies Viruses Isolated In Shanghai, China, Between 2010 and 2012

Experimental Infection of Sheep With Pseudorabies Viruses Isolated In Shanghai, China, Between 2010 and 2012

Generation and Efficacy Evaluation of a Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus Variant Expressing the E2 Protein of Classical Swine Fever Virus in Pigs

Outbreak of variant pseudorabies virus in Bartha-K61–vaccinated piglets in central Shandong Province, China

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