Pathogenicity and tissue tropism of currently circulating highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (H5N1; clade 2.3.2) in tufted ducks ( Aythya fuligula )

Bröjer, Caroline; Amerongen, Geert van; Bildt, Marco van de; Run, Peter van; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.; Gavier‐Widén, Dolores; Kuiken, Thijs

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.09.011

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In chickens, a combination of RT-PCR, virus isolation, and IHC implied systemic virus replication (Table S1 - 3 ). Despite some HPAI H5 virus excretion from the cloaca, no evidence was found in this study for HPAI H5 virus replication in the intestinal epithelium, which is similar to the lack of evidence for HPAI H5 virus replication in the intestinal epithelium in the following Eurasian migratory duck species: common pochard, common teal, Eurasian wigeon, gadwall ( Anas strepera ) (at 4 dpi 13 ), mallard (at 4 dpi 13 , 30 ; at 3 dpi 17 ), and tufted duck ( Aythya fuligula ) (at 3 or 4 dpi 13 , 16 ). In our study, the lack of evidence for HPAI virus replication in the intestinal epithelium at 4 dpi corresponds with the absence of infectious virus excretion from the cloaca at 4 dpi in 16 birds from which the tissues were taken.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…We chose these particular duck species because of their abundance, preference for freshwater habitats, geographical distribution, and migratory pattern spanning Asia, Europe, and Africa. Additionally, we chose these particular duck species as well as these methods of inoculation and analysis to enable a comparison with previous experimental infections of wild ducks with HPAI H5N1 virus 13 , 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wild ducks excrete highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 (2014–2015) without clinical or pathological evidence of disease

Brand

Verhagen

Kroeze

et al. 2018

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is essentially a poultry disease. Wild birds have traditionally not been involved in its spread, but the epidemiology of HPAI has changed in recent years. After its emergence in southeastern Asia in 1996, H5 HPAI virus of the Goose/Guangdong lineage has evolved into several sub-lineages, some of which have spread over thousands of kilometers via long-distance migration of wild waterbirds. In order to determine whether the virus is adapting to wild waterbirds, we experimentally inoculated the HPAI H5N8 virus clade 2.3.4.4 group A from 2014 into four key waterbird species—Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope), common teal (Anas crecca), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and common pochard (Aythya ferina)—and compared virus excretion and disease severity with historical data of the HPAI H5N1 virus infection from 2005 in the same four species. Our results showed that excretion was highest in Eurasian wigeons for the 2014 virus, whereas excretion was highest in common pochards and mallards for the 2005 virus. The 2014 virus infection was subclinical in all four waterbird species, while the 2005 virus caused clinical disease and pathological changes in over 50% of the common pochards. In chickens, the 2014 virus infection caused systemic disease and high mortality, similar to the 2005 virus. In conclusion, the evidence was strongest for Eurasian wigeons as long-distance vectors for HPAI H5N8 virus from 2014. The implications of the switch in species-specific virus excretion and decreased disease severity may be that the HPAI H5 virus more easily spreads in the wild-waterbird population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild ducks excrete highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 (2014–2015) without clinical or pathological evidence of disease

Brand

Verhagen

Kroeze

et al. 2018

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…However, naturally occurring HPAIV infection of wild tufted ducks lead to high mortality during the clade 2.3.4.4 group B HPAIV outbreak in the Netherlands in 2016/17 [ 57 , 58 ]. Experimental infection of tufted ducks with a clade 2.3.2 HPAIV ultimately yielded the same disease outcomes [ 59 ]. Evidence suggests that this species of diving duck may not serve in the dispersal of HPAIVs in the absence of clinical disease [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental infection of tufted ducks with a clade 2.3.2 HPAIV ultimately yielded the same disease outcomes [ 59 ]. Evidence suggests that this species of diving duck may not serve in the dispersal of HPAIVs in the absence of clinical disease [ 59 ]. It is unclear whether, genetic background of tufted ducks predisposes this species of diving duck to severe disease upon infection with H5 HPAIV, a factor demonstrated to influence influenza disease outcomes in genetically diverse mice [ 60 , 61 ], or whether concomitant infection with other pathogens influences mortality outcomes in the wild tufted ducks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathogenesis of a North American H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 group A highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata)

et al. 2020

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Background Aquatic waterfowl, particularly those in the order Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, are the ecological reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Dabbling ducks play a recognized role in the maintenance and transmission of AIVs. Furthermore, the pathogenesis of highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) in dabbling ducks is well characterized. In contrast, the role of diving ducks in HPAIV maintenance and transmission remains unclear. In this study, the pathogenesis of a North American A/Goose/1/Guangdong/96-lineage clade 2.3.4.4 group A H5N2 HPAIV, A/Northern pintail/Washington/40964/2014, in diving sea ducks (surf scoters, Melanitta perspicillata) was characterized. Results Intrachoanal inoculation of surf scoters with A/Northern pintail/Washington/40964/2014 (H5N2) HPAIV induced mild transient clinical disease whilst concomitantly shedding high virus titers for up to 10 days post-inoculation (dpi), particularly from the oropharyngeal route. Virus shedding, albeit at low levels, continued to be detected up to 14 dpi. Two aged ducks that succumbed to HPAIV infection had pathological evidence for co-infection with duck enteritis virus, which was confirmed by molecular approaches. Abundant HPAIV antigen was observed in visceral and central nervous system organs and was associated with histopathological lesions. Conclusions Collectively, surf scoters, are susceptible to HPAIV infection and excrete high titers of HPAIV from the respiratory and cloacal tracts whilst being asymptomatic. The susceptibility of diving sea ducks to H5 HPAIV highlights the need for additional research and surveillance to further understand the contribution of diving ducks to HPAIV ecology.

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“…Neurotropism has been reported as the key finding in many wild Anseriformes experimentally and naturally infected with HPAI-H5N1 viruses [29,30,31]. Bröjer et al [32] traced these neurologic signs due to meningoencephalomyelitis with the abundant virus in the brain and spinal cord.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spread and Sequence Exploration of the isolated Avian Influenza viruses H5N1from backyard ducks in Asyut-Egypt

Mohamed¹,

Gamal²

2016

ARC Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Avian Influenza infection is an important devastating disease among domesticated birds so our goal is to evaluate the prevalence of influenza A virus (H5N1) among backyard ducks as well as the genetic changes will be happened among the H5 gene using sequence analysis. Fifty samples of cloacal swabs were gathered from backyard ducks in Asyut Province, Egypt exposed to RNA extraction followed by H5 and N1 identification using realtime-RT-PCR and one-step RT-PCR respectively finalizing by complete sequence analysis of H5 gene for 5 isolates. 14 samples out of 50 examined samples were positive for H5N1 subtype. The deduced amino acids of the sequenced hemagglutinin (HA) genes seen that the examined isolates have two molecular characteristics of HPAIV in the polybasic amino acids of the cleavage site, including EKRRK/KR*GLF) which is a common shape for multicleavage site in Egypt since 2013. Several amino acid substitutions were observed, especially at D43N, S120D, I151T and R162K which is suggestive the examined viruses belonged to 2.2.1.2 clade. Phylogenetic analyses of the HA revealed that the examined strains were genetically belonged to 2.2.1.2 clade. Homology percentages revealed a distant of the examined strains from the vaccinal strains that commonly used in Egypt, which the lowest homology was recorded with A/chicken/Mexico/232/94 vaccinal strain. This study affirmed the potential role of backyard ducks as a reservoir for AI/H5N1 clade 2.2.1.2 in Asyut-Egypt which may help in continuation and adaptation of AI/H5N1 virus in the target area and represent a potential danger to both poultry and humans. So, a regular survey to illuminate the spread of HPAIV H5N1 among commercial poultry and backyard birds should be applied.

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Pathogenicity and tissue tropism of currently circulating highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (H5N1; clade 2.3.2) in tufted ducks ( Aythya fuligula )

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Wild ducks excrete highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 (2014–2015) without clinical or pathological evidence of disease

Wild ducks excrete highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 (2014–2015) without clinical or pathological evidence of disease

The pathogenesis of a North American H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 group A highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata)

The Spread and Sequence Exploration of the isolated Avian Influenza viruses H5N1from backyard ducks in Asyut-Egypt

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