Pathogenicity of Phoma Chrysanthemicola to Chrysanthemum Plants (Asteraceae Family) and Control of Pathogen by Chemical and Biological Approach

Abstract

The Chrysanthemum also known as mums or chrysenths, are useful in ornamental applications, insecticidal, air pollution reducer, perfume production etc. The Phoma causes infection to Chrysanthemum which results in serious lesion. The present study reports protection of Chrysanthemum against fungal infection. The morphology of Phoma chrysanthemicola was studied in PDA, CZA and MEA medium. The pathogenicity of fungus was examined on different variety of chrysanthemum plants. The control of P. chrysanthemicola was contemplated by utilizing some commercial available fungicides and extract of medicinal plants. The organism causes root rot and ray blight to Chrysanthemum plants. Chrysanthemum sp. 2 was found more sensitive to pathogen took after by Chrysanthemum sp. 1 and 3. Relationship between diseases severity and incubation period of pathogen with various chrysanthemum plant was found R2 0.95, 0.97 and 0.87 for Chrysanthemum sp. 1, 2 and 3. Carbendazim was recorded more effective on P. chrysanthemicola followed by mancozeb and zineb with P value of 0.065 at 0.05 level. Azadirachta indica extract and plant extract from methanolic solvent were found more effective against P. chrysanthemicola. Now it is presumed that fungal pathogen has strong ability to infect chrysanthemum but chemical and biological alternate can control the chrysanthemum against pathogen.

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Phoma spp.

“…The genus Phoma is one of the fungal endophytes reported from many plant species (Bennett et al 2018) and comes under plant pathogenic fungi that cause many kinds of diseases in plant, viz., lesions in leaves, stems, pods, and blossoms, discoloration in hypocotyl, cotyledons, etc. (Cimmino et al 2008;Mahish and Ghritlahare 2017). Although Phoma spp.…”

Major Plant Diseases Caused by Phoma sensu lato Species and Their Integrated Management Strategies

“…Hosts: nearly all Asteraceae family members are susceptible to root and crown rot, including chrysanthemum and pyrethrum. Besides, legumes such as alfalfa, lettuce, strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne), sugar beet, and weeds, such as whitetop (Lepidium draba L.), have been recorded as the main hosts of the pathogens (Koike et al 2006;Caesar et al 2012;Mahish and Ghritlahare 2017).…”

“…Carbendazim, mancozeb, zineb, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, and azoxystrobin have been reported to be effective in controlling the disease on chrysanthemums and lettuce (Mahish and Ghritlahare 2017). Moreover, the application of plants' extracts, such as neem, has been claimed to be a reliable control method (Mahish and Ghritlahare 2017). Removing the surrounding weeds is also a matter of importance because of the survival of the pathogen on weeds (Caesar et al 2012).…”

Synergistic Action of PGPR and Biofungicide with Active Ingredient of Cladosporium clasporioides to Control White Rust on Chrysanthemum

“…The chemicals employ even in the absence of the symptoms and intensity of the diseases to assure the marketable flower quality. In long and frequent applications, these costly practices increased production cost, induced pathogen resistance, and made the chemicals no longer effective (Mahish & Ghritlahare, 2017;Rahardjo et al, 2019;Singh & Vijay, 2011).…”