Pathologic features of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node and distal metastasis

Abstract

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease and hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsies (HNPP) are two frequent hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies. CMT is characterized by slowly progressive weakness and atrophy, primarily in peroneal and distal leg muscles. The most frequent form, CMT1A, is due, in most cases, to the duplication of a 1.5 Mb region on chromosome 17p11.2 containing the peripheral myelin protein 22 gene (PMP22). The phenotype seems to result from dosage of the PMP22 gene. This hypothesis is reinforced by the existence of HNPP, which is clinically characterized by various recurrent truncular palsies or sensory loss precipitated by minor trauma, which is caused by deletion of the same 1.5 Mb region in 17p11.2. In clinical practice, the detection of the duplication or the deletion in 17p11.2, which permits a positive diagnosis, is still performed by time consuming methods (Southern blot or various combinations of molecular tools). We developed a method for the rapid detection of 17p11.2 rearrangements, using “direct FISH” and PRINS analyses, which does not require cell culture. In a prospective study of 92 patients with CMT and 38 with suspected HNPP, we compared this new technique to classical strategies like Southern blot. The results demonstrate the high sensitivity and specificity of the new FISH technique for the diagnosis of CMT1A and HNPP. Moreover, because of its simplicity and rapidity, this technique provides a useful alternative to the molecular approaches that have been used to diagnose segmental aneusomies, especially in the case of duplications that often go undetected. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasms

“…A number of retrospective studies involving histopathological analyses of surgically resected specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) have shown that cases of non-invasive epithelial carcinoma (EP, carcinoma in situ) and intra-mucosal invasive carcinoma limited to the lamina propria mucosae (LPM) had an extremely low risk of lymph node and dis-tant metastasis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . Based on these findings, the Japanese guidelines state that the indication for ER of esophageal SCC is a lesion limited to EP or LPM.…”

p12CDK2-AP1 is associated with tumor progression and a poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

“…the muscularis mucosa; sm1, tumors invading the most superficial 1/3 of the submucosa; sm2/3, tumors invading deeper than sm1 level) (16,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Eguchi et al (21) demonstrated that lymph node metastasis was found in 0, 6, 18, 53 and 54% of m1, m2, m3, sm1 and sm2/3 lesions, respectively.…”

Detection and staging of esophageal cancers

“…Studies from Japan where endoscopic mucosal resection has become the treatment of choice for superficial squamous cell cancer of the esophagus found that cancers confined to the superficial mucosa, m1 and m2, have virtually no chance of developing lymph node metastasis, regardless of the surface area involved [17]. However, cancers that penetrate the deep submucosa, sm2 and sm3, are quite likely to have metastasis.…”