Pathological and phylogenetic features of prevalent canine distemper viruses in wild masked palm civets in Japan

Takayama, Ikuyo; Kubo, Minoru; Takenaka, Akiko; Fujita, Kentaro; Sugiyama, Takaaki; Arai, Tetsuro; Yoneda, Misako; Sato, Hiroki; Yanai, Tokuma; Kai, Chieko

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2008.07.003

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These were the SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV) (Guan et al, 2003;Poon et al, 2005); HPAI H5N1 (Roberton et al, 2006;Wu et al, 2013) and a number of variants of the rabies virus (Enurah et al, 1988a;Wilde et al, 1991;Tremlett et al, 1994;Nel et al, 2005;Susetya et al, 2008;Pfukenyi et al, 2009;Matsumoto et al, 2011). Three important viruses of domestic carnivores were also reported, including canine distemper virus (CDV) (Machida et al, 1992;Hur et al, 1999;Chandra et al, 2000;L opez-Peña et al, 2001;Hirama et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2007;Takayama et al, 2009), feline parvovirus (caused by the feline panleukopenia virus, FPV) (Ikeda et al, 1999;Demeter et al, 2009) and canine parvovirus (CP) (Santos et al, 2009;Xiao-Ying et al, 2011;Duarte et al, 2013). In more recent years, the use of advanced molecular techniques has enabled the identification of five novel viruses of uncertain significance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neurological signs Tanzania (wild) (Marston et al, 2012) Family Paramyxoviridae Canine distemper virus M Binturong (Arctictis binturong), Masked palm civet, Common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), Small Indian civet, Common genet Depression, dyspnoea, coughing, oculonasal discharge, gastrointestinal signs, dehydration, neurological signs, foot pad hyperkeratosis USA, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Spain, Thailand (wild, farm, zoo) (Machida et al, 1992;Hur et al, 1999;Chandra et al, 2000;L opez-Peña et al, 2001;Hirama et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2007;Takayama et al, 2009;Techangamsuwan et al, 2014) Family Parvoviridae Feline panleukopenia virus M Formosan gem-faced civet (P. larvata taivana), Common palm civet Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhoea Taiwan, Hungary (farm, zoo) (Ikeda et al, 1999;Demeter et al, 2009) Canine parvovirus M Common genet, Masked palm civet Fever, diarrhoea, depression, anorexia, vomiting Portugal, China (wild) (Santos et al, 2009;Xiao-Ying et al, 2011;Duarte et al, 2013) Family Reoviridae Mammalian reovirus MPC/04…”

Section: African Civetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Pathogens Reported in Species of the Family Viverridae and Their Implications for Human and Animal Health

Wicker

Canfield

Higgins

2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Impacts• First collation of previously published organisms isolated from species of the family Viverridae provides baseline information to assist viverrid population management.• Summarizes anthropogenic factors (trade, farming, encroachment on viverrid habitat) bringing viverrids into proximity with humans.• Discusses detected organisms in terms of potential risk for public health given the described anthropogenic factors which facilitate transmission and spillover of organisms between and amongst animals and people. SummaryThe Viverridae is a family of nocturnal carnivores including civets, genets and African linsangs. While a list of known organisms isolated from a species is an essential tool for population management, this review represents the first attempt to collate published reports of organisms isolated from viverrids. A wide range of organisms, including 11 viruses, eight bacterial species, one internal arthropod species, representatives from eight genera of protozoan, 21 genera of nematode, seven genera of cestode, eight genera of trematode and six genera of external arthropod (mites, ticks and louse), have been reported in literature spanning over a century of research. Many of these are capable of infecting multiple hosts, including humans. This is of concern given the anthropogenic factors that bring humans and domestic species into close contact with viverrids, facilitating transmission and spillover of organisms between groups. These factors include trade in viverrids for human consumption, captive management in zoos, rescue centres or on commercial breeding farms, and the increasing overlap of free-ranging viverrid distribution and human settlement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: African Civetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Pathogens Reported in Species of the Family Viverridae and Their Implications for Human and Animal Health

Wicker

Canfield

Higgins

2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…In Japan, wild-caught masked palm civets were naturally infected with CDV Asia-1 lineage and suspected to have interacted with domestic dogs, which are believed to have acted as the viral reservoir of CDV in that instance. 8,27 All 4 CD sequences from civets showed high identity to the sequence from the co-located dog sampled during this study, although the evidence remains inconclusive that the outbreak originated from that particular dog. However, the 549H strain described in this study was highly virulent to civets but relatively mild for the 1 dog that was observed to be affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…8,15,27,33 In this outbreak, the infected civets presented with severe acute clinical signs suggestive of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurologic disease and demonstrated characteristic lesions of CDV infections. 6,9,17 Recently, several investigations have reported CDV infection in a variety of wildlife in East Asia (Korea, Japan, and China) associated with the Asia-1 lineage identified by phylogeny.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infection has been documented in wild masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) in Japan, at which time it was suggested that dogs represented a reservoir host for that particular CDV transmission based on phylogenetic analysis on the H gene. 27 The purpose of this study was to characterize the pathological and immunohistochemical features of CDV infection in civets and to investigate the genetic relationship of this and other CDV lineages in Thailand.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pathologic and Molecular Virologic Characterization of a Canine Distemper Outbreak in Farmed Civets

et al. 2014

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In October 2011, a fatal disease outbreak occurred in 3 civet species farmed for their use in the coffee industry in Thailand. The disease quickly killed 20 animals in a mixed population of Asian palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus; n ¼ 18), a masked palm civet (Paguma larvata; n ¼ 1), and small Indian civet (Viverricula indica; n ¼ 1). Clinical signs consisted of severe lethargy, weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea with associated dehydration, dyspnea, nasal and footpad hyperkeratosis, and seizures. All civets were positive for canine morbillivirus using the commercial canine distemper virus (CDV) antigen test kit. Consistently observed necropsy findings consisted of severe pneumonia and hemorrhagic enteritis. Microscopic examination revealed severe gastroenteritis, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, lymphadenitis, necrotizing dermatitis, nonsuppurative polioencephalitis, and characteristic intranuclear/intracytoplasmic eosinophilic viral inclusions in multiple tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed immunoreactivity of varying intensity, while virus isolation demonstrated typical cytopathic effects. To confirm CDV infection, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction against fusion (F), phosphoprotein (P), and hemagglutinin (H) genes showed bands of expected size using conjunctival swabs (9 civets, 1 dog [Canis lupus familiaris] living on the farm). Phylogenetic analyses and restriction fragment length polymorphism results indicated that the civets were infected by the Asia-1 strain of CDV commonly found in dogs in Thailand. The deduced amino acid sequences of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule binding region of the CDV-H proteins revealed a Y549H mutation in both CDV-infected Asian palm civets (n ¼ 4) and a co-located dog. We report a canine distemper outbreak in a civet colony with lineage classification and a Y549H mutation in noncanid species in Thailand.

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Procyonids and Viverids

Ramsay¹

2015

Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8

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Pathological and phylogenetic features of prevalent canine distemper viruses in wild masked palm civets in Japan

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Potential Pathogens Reported in Species of the Family Viverridae and Their Implications for Human and Animal Health

Potential Pathogens Reported in Species of the Family Viverridae and Their Implications for Human and Animal Health

Pathologic and Molecular Virologic Characterization of a Canine Distemper Outbreak in Farmed Civets

Procyonids and Viverids

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