Pathological and ultrastructural observations and liver function analysis of Eimeria stiedai -infected rabbits

Jin, Jing; Li, Chun; Zhu, Shunxing; Jiang, Ying-Mei; Wu, Liucheng; Song, Hongyan; Shao, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.04.020

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, genome sequencing from phylogenetically distinct species such as E. gruis and E. reichenowi from migratory crane [ 18 ] may inform on phenotypes associated with disseminated visceral coccidiosis, possibly revealing new genera. Similarly, accessing genomes of atypical Eimeria species such as E. leuckarti , E. macusaniensis , E. truncata and E. stiedai , from horses, alpacas, geese and rabbits, respectively [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ], may offer insights into their unique biologies.…”

Section: Comparative Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Eimeria Genomes to Understand Population Biology: Recent Progress and Future Opportunities

Blake

Worthing

Jenkins

2020

Genes

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Eimeria, protozoan parasites from the phylum Apicomplexa, can cause the enteric disease coccidiosis in all farmed animals. Coccidiosis is commonly considered to be most significant in poultry; due in part to the vast number of chickens produced in the World each year, their short generation time, and the narrow profit margins associated with their production. Control of Eimeria has long been dominated by routine chemoprophylaxis, but has been supplemented or replaced by live parasite vaccination in a minority of production sectors. However, public and legislative demands for reduced drug use in food production is now driving dramatic change, replacing reliance on relatively indiscriminate anticoccidial drugs with vaccines that are Eimeria species-, and in some examples, strain-specific. Unfortunately, the consequences of deleterious selection on Eimeria population structure and genome evolution incurred by exposure to anticoccidial drugs or vaccines are unclear. Genome sequence assemblies were published in 2014 for all seven Eimeria species that infect chickens, stimulating the first population genetics studies for these economically important parasites. Here, we review current knowledge of eimerian genomes and highlight challenges posed by the discovery of new, genetically cryptic Eimeria operational taxonomic units (OTUs) circulating in chicken populations. As sequencing technologies evolve understanding of eimerian genomes will improve, with notable utility for studies of Eimeria biology, diversity and opportunities for control.

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Section: Comparative Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Eimeria Genomes to Understand Population Biology: Recent Progress and Future Opportunities

Blake

Worthing

Jenkins

2020

Genes

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“…Rabbits of all ages can be infected, especially the young populations between 1 and 4 months of age, with a morbidity and mortality of 90% and 60%, respectively [ 5 – 9 ]. Field investigations show that the coccidia infection rate of rabbits is up to 100%, with significant mixed infections [ 2 , 4 , 10 ]. In China, rabbit coccidiosis has been classified as a level II animal disease by the Ministry of Agriculture because of its high prevalence and resultant economical losses [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field investigations show that the coccidia infection rate of rabbits is up to 100%, with significant mixed infections [ 2 , 4 , 10 ]. In China, rabbit coccidiosis has been classified as a level II animal disease by the Ministry of Agriculture because of its high prevalence and resultant economical losses [ 10 , 11 ]. Currently, 15 species of the genus Eimeria are believed to be responsible for rabbit coccidiosis, including Eimeria stiedae , Eimeria magna , Eimeria matsubayashi , Eimeria neoleporis , Eimeria nagpurensis , Eimeria irresidua , Eimeria flavescens , Eimeria piriformis , Eimeria intestinalis , Eimeria exigua , Eimeria elongate , Eimeria perforans , Eimeria vejdovskyi , Eimeria coecicola , and Eimeria media [ 3 , 4 , 7 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global transcriptome landscape of the rabbit protozoan parasite Eimeria stiedae

et al. 2021

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Background Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria stiedae is a widespread and economically significant disease of rabbits. The lack of studies on the life-cycle development and host interactions of E. stiedae at the molecular level has hampered our understanding of its pathogenesis. Methods In this study, we present a comprehensive transcriptome landscape of E. stiedae to illustrate its dynamic development from unsporulated oocysts to sporulated oocysts, merozoites, and gametocytes, and to identify genes related to parasite-host interactions during parasitism using combined PacBio single-molecule real-time and Illumina RNA sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis and qRT-PCR validation. Results In total, 12,582 non-redundant full-length transcripts were generated with an average length of 1808 bp from the life-cycle stages of E. stiedae. Pairwise comparisons between stages revealed 8775 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showing highly significant description changes, which compiled a snapshot of the mechanisms underlining asexual and sexual biology of E. stiedae including oocyst sporulation between unsporulated and sporulated oocysts; merozoite replication between sporulated oocysts and merozoites; and gametophyte development and gamete generation between merozoites and gametocytes. Further, 248 DEGs were grouped into nine series clusters and five groups by expression patterns, and showed that parasite–host interaction-related genes predominated in merozoites and gametocytes and were mostly involved in steroid biosynthesis and lipid metabolism and carboxylic acid. Additionally, co-expression analyses identified genes associated with development and host invasion in unsporulated and sporulated oocysts and immune interactions during gametocyte parasitism. Conclusions This is the first study, to our knowledge, to use the global transcriptome profiles to decipher molecular changes across the E. stiedae life cycle, and these results not only provide important information for the molecular characterization of E. stiedae, but also offer valuable resources to study other apicomplexan parasites with veterinary and public significance. Graphic Abstract

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“…At the gametogony stage, the gametocytes combine with each other to form zygotes and eventually develop into oocysts. The oocysts will sporulate under suitable conditions and continue to infect rabbits [ 7 ]. Affected rabbits mainly show clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, dehydration, growth retardation, and even death in conditions of exacerbating infections [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oocysts will sporulate under suitable conditions and continue to infect rabbits [ 7 ]. Affected rabbits mainly show clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, dehydration, growth retardation, and even death in conditions of exacerbating infections [ 7 , 8 ]. Due to the high morbidity and mortality rates caused by hepatic coccidiosis, E. stiedai is regarded as one of the most harmful pathogens in rabbitries which severely affects the development of the domestic rabbit industry [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Analysis and Serodiagnostic Potential of Microneme Proteins 1 and 3 in Eimeria stiedai

Wei

Shen

Xiao

et al. 2020

Genes

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Eimeria stiedai is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite that invades the liver and bile duct epithelial cells in rabbits and causes severe hepatic coccidiosis, resulting in significant economic losses in the domestic rabbit industry. Hepatic coccidiosis lacks the typical clinical symptoms and there is a lack of effective premortem tools to timely diagnose this disease. Therefore, in the present study we cloned and expressed the two microneme proteins i.e., microneme protein 1 (EsMIC1) and microneme protein 3 (EsMIC3) from E. stiedai and used them as recombinant antigens to develop a serodiagnostic method for an effective diagnosis of hepatic coccidiosis. The cDNAs encoding EsMIC1 and EsMIC3 were cloned and the mRNA expression levels of these two genes at different developmental stages of E. stiedai were determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR). The immunoreactivity of recombinant EsMIC1 (rEsMIC1) and EsMIC3 (rEsMIC3) proteins were detected by Western blotting, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on these two recombinant antigens were established to evaluate their serodiagnostic potential. Our results showed that the proteins encoded by the ORFs of EsMIC1 (711 bp) and EsMIC3 (891 bp) were approximately 25.89 and 32.39 kDa in predicted molecular weight, respectively. Both EsMIC1 and EsMIC3 showed the highest mRNA expression levels in the merozoites stage of E. stiedai. Western blotting analysis revealed that both recombinant proteins were recognized by E. stiedai positive sera, and the indirect ELISAs using rEsMIC1 and rEsMIC3 were developed based on their good immunoreactivity, with 100% (48/48) sensitivity and 97.9% (47/48) specificity for rEsMIC1 with 100% (48/48) sensitivity and 100% (48/48) specificity for rEsMIC3, respectively. Moreover, rEsMIC1- and rEsMIC3-based indirect ELISA were able to detect corresponding antibodies in sera at days 6, 8, and 10 post E. stiedai infection, with the highest positive diagnostic rate (62.5% (30/48) for rEsMIC1 and 66.7% (32/48) for rEsMIC3) observed at day 10 post infection. Therefore, both EsMIC1 and EsMIC3 can be used as potential serodiagnostic candidate antigens for hepatic coccidiosis caused by E. stiedai.

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Pathological and ultrastructural observations and liver function analysis of Eimeria stiedai -infected rabbits

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Exploring Eimeria Genomes to Understand Population Biology: Recent Progress and Future Opportunities

Exploring Eimeria Genomes to Understand Population Biology: Recent Progress and Future Opportunities

Global transcriptome landscape of the rabbit protozoan parasite Eimeria stiedae

Expression Analysis and Serodiagnostic Potential of Microneme Proteins 1 and 3 in Eimeria stiedai

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