2019
DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0073
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Pathological changes in natural infection of pheasants with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8) in Bulgaria

Abstract: Introduction The study of histopathological changes caused by influenza A (H5N8) viral infection in bird species is essential for the understanding of their role in the spread of this highly infectious virus. However, there are few such studies under natural conditions in minor gallinaceous species. This article describes the pathomorphological findings in Colchis pheasants infected naturally with H5N8 during an epizootic outbreak in Bulgaria. Material and Methods Samples of internal organs of 10 carcasses w… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Regarding the two commercial pheasant IPs, the mean OP shedding tended to be stronger than the C shedding by the AIV RRT-PCRs, but no significant difference was observed at IP37 ( Table 1 ). Clinical signs similarly alerted previous European subclade 2.3.4.4b HPAIV incursions in both free and farmed pheasants [ 60 , 61 , 62 ], which has been confirmed experimentally [ 63 ]. Gamebirds attract interest as potential bridging hosts between wild birds and farmed poultry such as chickens [ 64 ], with affected farms also demanding prompt outbreak interventions.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 73%
“…Regarding the two commercial pheasant IPs, the mean OP shedding tended to be stronger than the C shedding by the AIV RRT-PCRs, but no significant difference was observed at IP37 ( Table 1 ). Clinical signs similarly alerted previous European subclade 2.3.4.4b HPAIV incursions in both free and farmed pheasants [ 60 , 61 , 62 ], which has been confirmed experimentally [ 63 ]. Gamebirds attract interest as potential bridging hosts between wild birds and farmed poultry such as chickens [ 64 ], with affected farms also demanding prompt outbreak interventions.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 73%
“…Similarly to experimental infection, naturally infected pheasants with 2017-HPAI viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b displayed severe clinical signs with neurological disorders [188,189]. PME findings aligned with prior observations in other gallinaceous species, characterized by necrotic and hemorrhagic lesions in visceral organs [184,188,189]. However, a novel and consistent discovery was the identification of diphtheroid plaques in the oropharyngeal mucosa linked to viral-induced necrotizing stomatitis of the epithelium [188].…”
Section: Game Birdssupporting
confidence: 78%
“…Intranasal and intraocular experimental infections of pheasants with different doses (10 5 or 10 7 EID 50 /mL) of A/pheasant/Denmark/12106-3/2018, an H5N8 virus of clade 2.3.4.4b showed evident clinical signs (drooped wings, huddling, ruffled feathers and lethargy, associated to neurological signs in some individuals), up to 100% mortality and efficient transmission to naïve pheasant or chicken contact birds, confirming the role of pheasants as bridging hosts for the infection of commercial poultry [187]. Similarly to experimental infection, naturally infected pheasants with 2017-HPAI viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b displayed severe clinical signs with neurological disorders [188,189]. PME findings aligned with prior observations in other gallinaceous species, characterized by necrotic and hemorrhagic lesions in visceral organs [184,188,189].…”
Section: Game Birdsmentioning
confidence: 75%
“…With a total of more than 2300 outbreaks in poultry, 46 million birds culled at the affected premises, and 2700 HPAI occurrences in wild birds throughout 36 European countries, the 2021–2022 HPAI epidemic season has been the largest pandemic to date to be documented in Europe [ 16 ]. The virus soon reached the Balkans [ 13 , 17 , 18 ] through wild bird migratory routes, the Black Sea–Mediterranean Flyway and the Adriatic Flyway. The first outbreak in Kosovo was identified on 19th May, 2021 [ 19 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%