Pathological, Morphometric and Correlation Analysis of the Modified Mankin Score, Tidemark Roughness and Calcified Cartilage Thickness in Rat Knee Osteoarthritis after Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy

Abstract

The paper displayed the pathological changes and relationships of the modified Mankin score, tidemark roughness and calcified cartilage (CC) thickness by extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) (0.25 mJ/ mm 2 with 800 impulses) on different positions of the medial and lateral rat knee OA joint. After the experiments, the articular cartilage was assessed using histomorphometry, image analysis and statistical method. In the micro-CT analysis, ESWT on medial groups were better than lateral groups in the trabecular volume and trabecular number. The data showed a strong negative correlation between the modified Mankin score and tidemark roughness (r = −0.941; P < 0.001). In terms of the relationship of tidemark roughness with CC thickness, the medial and Sham groups showed a significant negative correlation (r = −0.788, P = 0.022). Additionally, the Euclidean distance derived from 3D scatter plot analysis was an indicator of chondropathic conditions, exhibiting a strong correlation with OA stage in the articular cartilage of the femur (r = 0.911, P < 0.001) and tibia (r = 0.890, P < 0.001) after ESWT. Principle component analysis (PCA) further demonstrated that ESWT applied to medial locations had a better outcome than treatment at lateral locations for knee OA by comparing with Sham and OA groups, and CC thickness was the most important factor affecting hyaline cartilage repair after ESWT.

Electroacupuncture ameliorates knee osteoarthritis in rats via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and reducing pyroptosis

“…EA treatment alleviates the joint pathological changes caused by KOA Pathological changes are one of the typical features of KOA. 26 Next, we observed knee joints with Safranin O/Fast Green and H&E staining. As shown in Figure 3(A), the control group showed no histopathological changes after staining with Safranin O/Fast Green and showed intact articular cartilage tissue structure, sharp coloration of the whole layer, and normal chondrocyte morphology.…”

Vector potential dual effect of promoting the proliferation of chondrocytes and inhibiting the calcification process in the articular cartilage

“…At the structural level, articular cartilage is typically divided into four layers: the superficial layer, middle layer, deep layer, and calcification layer 27 . The boundary between the deep and calcification layers is known as the “tidemark,” and its elevation is a characteristic feature of OA 28 . Once articular cartilage undergoes degeneration, it does not naturally regenerate over the individual’s lifespan.…”

Graphene oxide quantum dots-loaded sinomenine hydrochloride nanocomplexes for effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis via inducing macrophage repolarization and arresting abnormal proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes

“…The scoring was done on a semiquantitative four-point scale ranging from 0 to 4, with 0 representing normal, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 denoting mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe changes, respectively. Safranin O staining sections of the ankle joint were used for the Mankin scores assessment [ 24 ], which evaluated the cartilage structure, chondrocytes, cartilage matrix, and the integrity of the tidal line. The tissue immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate the M1 to M2 phenotypic transition of macrophages.…”