Pathology and molecular diagnosis of classical swine fever in Mizoram

Malswamkima, David; Rajkhowa, T.K.; Chandra, Rajesh; Dutta, Tapan Kumar

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2015.76-81

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…One of the most common anatomopathological findings associated after CSFV infection is found in the tonsil, a target tissue for CSFV replication and wherein the virus persists for more than 30 days post infection (Koenig et al., ; Vrancken et al., ). The most relevant histopathological finding in the tonsil are congestion of the blood vessels along with focal to diffuse areas of haemorrhage (Malswamkima, Rajkhowa, Chandra, & Dutta, ). Necrosis and depletion of lymphocytes, haemorrhages and tonsillitis have also been described (Blome et al., ; Quezada et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low CD4/CD8 ratio in classical swine fever postnatal persistent infection generated at 3 weeks after birth

Bohórquez

Wang

Pérez‐Simó

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is one of the most important pathogens affecting swine. After infection with a moderate virulence strain at 8 hours after birth, CSFV is able to induce viral persistence. These animals may appear clinically healthy or showed unspecific clinical signs despite the permanent viremia and high viral shedding, in absence of immune response to the virus. Given the role played by this infection in disease control, we aimed to evaluate the capacity of CSFV to induce postnatal persistent infection at 3 weeks after birth. Nine pigs were CSFV infected and sampled weekly during 6 weeks and viral, clinical, pathological and immunological tests were carried out. Also, the CD4/CD8 ratio was calculated with the purpose to relate this marker with the CSFV persistent infection. The IFN‐α response was detected mainly 1 week after infection, being similar in all the infected animals. However, 44.4% of animals were CSFV persistently infected, 33.3% died and 22.2% developed specific antibody response. Interestingly, in persistently infected pigs, the T‐CD8 population was increased, the T‐CD4 subset was decreased and lower CD4/CD8 ratios were detected. This is the first report of CSFV capacity to confer postnatal persistent infection in pigs infected at 3 weeks after birth, an age in which the weaning could be carried out in some swine production systems. This type of infected animals shed high amounts of virus and are difficult to evaluate from the clinical and anatomopathological point of view. Therefore, the detection of this type of infection and its elimination in endemic areas will be relevant for global CSF eradication. Finally, the low CD4/CD8 ratios found in persistently infected animals may be implicated in maintaining high CSFV replication during persistence and further studies will be performed to decipher the role of these cells in CSFV immunopathogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most relevant histopathological finding in the tonsil are congestion of the blood vessels along with focal to diffuse areas of haemorrhage (Malswamkima, Rajkhowa, Chandra, & Dutta, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low CD4/CD8 ratio in classical swine fever postnatal persistent infection generated at 3 weeks after birth

Bohórquez

Wang

Pérez‐Simó

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…It causes significant economic losses to the swine industry throughout the world. The disease is currently endemic to India especially in intensive pig rearing units of north-eastern, northern and southern states of India (Saini et al, 2000;Sarma et al, 2011;Malsawmkima et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the north-eastern region, the outbreaks of classical swine fever virus have been reported from Nagaland, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Assam (Rahman et al, 2001;Sarma et al, 2011;Rajkhowa et al, 2013;Malsawmkima et al, 2015;Mukherjee et al, 2018;Barman et al, 2020). The Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Government of Mizoram, has identified the CSF as disease of special economic importance for Mizoram in their Annual Report (2002)(2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and classical swine fever virus in pigs of Mizoram, India

Lalhruaipuii¹,

Shakuntala²,

Sen³

2020

JEB

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This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against two economically significant viral pathogens in domestic pigs like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) through a serological study in swine herds in Mizoram, India. Serum samples were collected from apparently healthy and suspected pigs of different age groups comprising weaners, growers and adult in four districts (Aizawl, Champhai, Kolasib and Serchhip) of Mizoram during February, 2018 to June, 2019. Seroprevalence of CSFV and PRRSV specific antibodies was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Out of 420 samples, 117 samples were found positive for PRRSV, 171 samples for CSFV indicating a mean positivity of 27.86% and 40.48%. Presence of mixed infection was observed in 13.33% samples. The present study demonstrated the extensive circulation of classical swine fever virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus among domestic pig populations of Mizoram, India.

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“…Besides FAT, IPT is a simple, rapid, reliable technique and used as valuable and sensitive diagnostic tool. RT-PCR (Malswamkima et al, 2015), realtime PCR (Natanael et al, 2014) are rapid, sensitive and accurate to detect CSFV nucleic acid in clinical sample. However, not all these tests are always possible to carryout in field as well as laboratory having limited facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization and application of rapid tests viz dot ELISA and vertical flow through tests for serodiagnosis of classical swine fever

Das

Bhattacharyya

2018

IJAR

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The present study was carried out to develop rapid field-based immunoassays for onsite detection of Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) antibody in clinical serum sample. Purified CSFV antigen was coated onto nitrocellulose membranes housed in a plastic module with layers of absorbent filter pads underneath. Following addition of serum to be tested appearance of a red dot indicated the presence of antibodies to CSF virus in the sample tested. A total of 240 serum samples collected from different areas of North Eastern States of India were tested for the presence of CSFV antibody by Indirect ELISA, Dot ELISA and Vertical flow through test. The result of the Indirect ELISA could be obtained within 2.5 hours whereas the result in case of Dot ELISA and Vertical Flow through test was obtained within 1 hour and 15 minutes respectively. Dot-ELISA and Vertical flow through test could equally detect the CSFV antibody in samples possessing 1:4 and above ELISA titre. The specificity and sensitivity of Dot-ELISA and vertical flow through test after comparison with Indirect ELISA indicated 100% specific and 84.28% sensitive. These tests have the potential to be used as a field-based kit to assess the serodiagnosis of CSFV.

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Pathology and molecular diagnosis of classical swine fever in Mizoram

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Low CD4/CD8 ratio in classical swine fever postnatal persistent infection generated at 3 weeks after birth

Low CD4/CD8 ratio in classical swine fever postnatal persistent infection generated at 3 weeks after birth

Seroprevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and classical swine fever virus in pigs of Mizoram, India

Standardization and application of rapid tests viz dot ELISA and vertical flow through tests for serodiagnosis of classical swine fever

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