Pathology of Gout in Commercial Broiler Chicken

Sathiyaseelan, M; Kumar, Ravinder; Lakkawar, AW; Nair, M. K. C.; Thanislass, J.; Varshney, K.C.

doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.282

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The results observed here are both consistent and divergent with previous reports of visceral gout in seabirds and other wild and captive birds (e.g.poultry) [3,17,26,29,30,34,35,42]. Although scarse, similar prevalence of gout was observed among free-ranging birds, including 3.2% observed in different species of seabirds (this study), 1.2% in Puffinus puffinus [12], 1.7% in raptors [28], 0.4% in Phasianus colchicus [6], and 4.7% affecting captive/companion birds [30], but it was considered lower when compared to 21.5% and 23.3% affecting captive/broilers [36,39]. The difference observed may be influenced by the population analysed (individual x grouped broilers), but also by the gout pathogeny and environmental conditions, including husbandry issues as behavioral, physiological and genetic traits among taxa that may predispose captive birds to diseases [2,10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Visceral Gout in Coastal and Oceanic Seabirds in Paraná, Southern of Brazil

Nobrega

Domiciano

Domit

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Owing to the abundance, wide distribution, long life cycles and higher positions in the throfic levels, seabirds are considered sentinels of hazards and negative anthropogenic impacts to marine ecosystems. Gout is a a common disease affecting birds, but also occurs in other taxa, including mammals and reptiles. The aim of this study was to elucidate the occurrence and pathological findings of gout cases in different species of seabirds, including biological and ecological factors that may contribute to disease.Cases: The urate crystals were observed in ten seabirds stranded, classified in eight species: four oceanic species - two Puffinus puffinus, one Macronectis giganteus, one Thalassarche melanophris, one Calonectris sp. and four coastal species - one Fregata magnifiscens, two Sula leucogaster, one Phalacrocorax brasilianus and one Rynchops niger. A total of seven animals were stranded alive and three were found dead; four animals were male and six were female; six were juveniles and four were mature. The nutritional condition was cachectic in four animals, poor in five and fair in one. The main clinical sign in alive animals was dehydration (7/7; 100%). The treatment consisted of standard support including fluid therapy and temperature stabilization; in addition, vitamins, amino acids, minerals and antibiotics (sulfonamide or enrofloxacin) were given, but the animals died between 1 and 13 days after rehabilitation entrance. Gout was associated with cachectic condition and autumn stranding (in comparison with summer stranding). The main macroscopic findings were observed in the kidneys, which were whitish and enlarged and all had microscopic evidence of multifocal, mild to marked renal crystal urate deposition. In two cases, urates deposition were observed in multiple organs, including liver, spleen, lung, epicardium and kidney in two cases, indicating severe visceral gout.The gout was considered the ultimate cause of death in three cases, and in the remaining cases, the main lesion associated with death was trauma (n = 2), infectious enteritis (n = 2), systemic infection (n = 1), myocardial necrosis (n = 1) and cachexia syndrome. The contributing factors for urate deposition were metabolic imbalances, chronic dehydration and overdoses of protein supplements. Discussion:The ten cases described above constitute a rare report of visceral gout in free-living and in rehabilitation seabirds and contributes towards understanding the prevalence and pathogeny of gout in stranded oceanic and coastal animals off southern Brazil. Similar prevalence of gout was observed among free-ranging birds of other reports,but it was considered lower when compared to 21.5% and 23.3% affected captive/broilers. The difference observed may be influenced by the population analysed, but also by the gout pathogeny and environmental conditions. Among the possible causes of gout, dehydration was observed in all gout-affetected animals stranded alive, a change usually observed in debilitated/stranded animals that probably has contributed to the disease. Additionally, the poor/cachectic condition noticed in the majority of seabirds indicates a nutritional disorder, also a cause promoting visceral gout. In the present study, accumulation of urate crystals was predominantly limited to the kidneys and associated with inflammatory infiltrate, suggesting a chronic process. The results of this study support the hypothesis that visceral gout is a complex consequence of multiple factors affecting both free-living and rehabilitated seabirds. Therefore, further investigation of the other possible causes, frequency and consequences for coastal and oceanic species is indispensable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Visceral Gout in Coastal and Oceanic Seabirds in Paraná, Southern of Brazil

Nobrega

Domiciano

Domit

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Glomeruli showed atrophy and sclerotic changes in multiple areas. Histopathological changes in kidneys of birds with gout were reported earlier by different authors in chicken (Lakkawar et al, 2018;Sathiyaseelan et al, 2018) and in duck (Ravikumar et al, 2019) which includes tubular degeneration, necrosis, needle like crystals in the lumen and inflammatory cell infiltration. Unlike the previously described histological lesions, fibrous tissue proliferation was a unique and prominent finding in the present study pointing out the chronicity of lesion in kidney that would have resulted in gout development.…”

mentioning

confidence: 52%

Renal pathology associated with visceral gout in ducks

Anagha¹,

Pradeep²,

Hamza³

et al. 2022

Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

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Visceral gout is a metabolic disease of birds characterized by deposition of urate crystals in visceral organs. Though occurrence of visceral gout is common in chicken, reports from ducks and descriptions of its renal pathology are scarce. The present study describes visceral gout in Kuttanad duck, a native breed and in a White Pekin duck. A Kuttanad and a White Pekin duck of about one and a half years of age and reared under intensive system and brought for postmortem examination to Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode formed the material for the study. Grossly, visceral organs such as kidney, liver and heart showed diffuse deposition of chalky white material on the surfaces. Ureters were dilated and engorged with urate crystals. Histologically, kidney revealed extensive degeneration of epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules with urate crystals in the lumen. Characteristic lesions noticed in kidneys of both cases were glomerular sclerosis, severe interstitial fibrosis causing tubular atrophy and mild infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the interstitium. This chronic lesion in kidney might be the primary reason for impaired uric acid excretion and deposition of uric acid crystals in various internal organs of the ducks.

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“…Gout can develop due to non-infectious and infectious causes. Non-infectious factors such as high calcium and protein diets, excessive salt, sodium bicarbonate intoxication, administration of high doses of gentamicin, vitamin A and D deficiency, imbalance between Ca-P levels, dehydration, mycotoxins and some administrative stress factors (9,15,38) can cause gout in poultry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological and molecular findings of visceral gout caused by Israel variant 2 (IS/1494/06) genotype of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens

Timurkaan

Öngör

Kalender

et al. 2023

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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The aim of this study was to investigate pathological lesions and the presence of of Israel variant 2 (IS /1494/06) genotype of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens with visceral gout. Sudden deaths were observed in broiler breeders and layer hens belonging to two different flocks located in eastern Turkey. Broiler chickens were previously vaccinated with a vaccine containing strains of IBV Massachusetts serotype, but no information was available about the vaccination history of laying hens. At necropsy, there was accumulation of white chalk-like material on the serosal surface of the heart, liver, spleen and air sacs. The kidneys were unilaterally or bilaterally enlarged and pale in color and, ureters were also enlarged. Pooled organ samples from diseased chickens and kidneys alone were examined by virus isolation, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), nucleotide sequencing analysis and histological methods. Israel variant 2 genotype of IBV was detected in the samples of both flocks as a result of virus isolation, rRT-PCR and DNA sequencing analysis.Histological examination revealed multifocal and randomly distributed crystal deposits in the renal tubulus and adjacent interstitium. Mild to moderate crystalline deposits surrounded by heterophils and macrophages were detected in the serosal layers of the heart, spleen, liver, and air sacs. The findings of this study indicated that IBV should be taken into consideration in visceral gout cases of chickens, and detection of IBV genotypes in the field will enable us to use vaccines compatible with these genotypes in order to control the disease more efficiently.

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Pathology of Gout in Commercial Broiler Chicken

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Visceral Gout in Coastal and Oceanic Seabirds in Paraná, Southern of Brazil

Visceral Gout in Coastal and Oceanic Seabirds in Paraná, Southern of Brazil

Renal pathology associated with visceral gout in ducks

Pathological and molecular findings of visceral gout caused by Israel variant 2 (IS/1494/06) genotype of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens

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