Pathology of <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. infection in farmed turbot, <i>Scophthalmus maximus</i> L.

Nieto, J. M.; Devesa, Sergio; Quiroga, María Isabel; Toranzo, Alicia E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb01262.x

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The selective pressure of different vaccine strategies in countries with a long history of lactococcosis has been also hypothesized to have caused the evolution of an ancestral common lineage into two different ones (Ravelo et al, 2003). Both theories are consistent with our results, since epidemic outbreaks of lactococcosis have been reported from Italy and Spain over the last 15 years (Eldar et al, 1996;Nieto et al, 1995) and since vaccines have been classically employed in both countries to fight against the disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Application of suppressive subtractive hybridization to the identification of genetic differences between two Lactococcus garvieae strains showing distinct differences in virulence for rainbow trout and mouse

et al. 2011

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Lactococcus garvieae is the causative microbial agent of lactococcosis, an important and damaging fish disease in aquaculture. This bacterium has also been isolated from vegetables, milk, cheese, meat and sausages, from cow and buffalo as a mastitis agent, and even from humans, as an opportunistic infectious agent. In this work pathogenicity experiments were performed in rainbow trout and mouse models with strains isolated from human (L. garvieae HF) and rainbow trout (L. garvieae UNIUDO74; henceforth referred to as 074). The mean LD 50 value in rainbow trout obtained for strain 074 was 2.1¾10 2 ±84 per fish. High doses of the bacteria caused specific signs of disease as well as histological alterations in mice. In contrast, strain HF did not prove to be pathogenic either for rainbow trout or for mice. Based on these virulence differences, two suppressive subtractive hybridizations were carried out to identify unique genetic sequences present in L. garvieae HF (SSHI) and L. garvieae 074 (SSHII). Differential dot-blot screening of the subtracted libraries allowed the identification of 26 and 13 putative ORFs specific for L. garvieae HF and L. garvieae 074, respectively. Additionally, a PCR-based screening of 12 of the 26 HF-specific putative ORFs and the 13 074-specific ones was conducted to identify their presence/absence in 25 L. garvieae strains isolated from different origins and geographical areas. This study demonstrates the existence of genetic heterogeneity within L. garvieae isolates and provides a more complete picture of the genetic background of this bacterium. INTRODUCTIONLactococcus garvieae is a ubiquitous and widely distributed bacterium. It is known mainly for being the aetiological agent of lactococcosis, an important fish infection which causes great economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. Many cultured fish species including rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), Japanese amberjack (Seriola quinqueradiata) and black rockfish (Sebastes sp.) are affected by this Grampositive bacterium. Besides cultured fish, the bacterium has been isolated from fermented fish products (Kopermsub & Yunchalard, 2010; Paludan-Müller et al., 2002), dairy products from raw milk of different ruminants (Villani et al., 2001), vegetables (Kawanishi et al., 2007, cheeses (Alegría et al., 2009;El-Baradei et al., 2007;Fló rez & Mayo, 2006;Fortina et al., 2007), meat and sausages (Ammor et al., 2004;Barakat et al., 2000; Dàvila et al., 2006;Rantsiou et al., 2005), cows and buffaloes with mastitis (Carvalho et al., 1997;Devriese et al., 1999;Teixeira et al., 1996), cat and dog tonsils (Pot et al., 1996), and even humans, as a component of the intestinal biota (Kubota et al., 2010), and as an opportunistic pathogen (Aubin et al., 2011; Chan et al., 2011;Elliott et al., 1991;Fefer et al., 1998;Fihman et al., 2006;Furutan et al., 1991 (Michel et al., 2007). These molecular typing approaches, although providing valuable information, have some disadvantages such as the neces...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Application of suppressive subtractive hybridization to the identification of genetic differences between two Lactococcus garvieae strains showing distinct differences in virulence for rainbow trout and mouse

et al. 2011

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“…This is also true in the case of 'Enterococcus sp.' infection in turbot (Nieto et al 1995). In contrast, Streptococcus iniae infections in red drum Sciaenopes ocellatus resulted in an acute to subacute disease characterized by multiple necrotic lesions of the internal organs, as well as of the skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Bacteriological culture from diseased fish gave rise to pure colonies of Gram-positive cocci. Since Streptococcosis of fish is caused by various genera of Gram-positive cocci (Wallbanks et al 1990, Wdliams et al 1990, Kusuda et al 1991, Nieto et al 1995, Perrera et al 1995, Domenech et al 1996, Eldar et al 1996, specific diagnosis combined with pathological studies were necessary in order to interpret the phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red drum Sciaenops ocellatus mortalities associated with Streptococcus iniae infection

Eldar¹,

Perl²,

Frelier³

et al. 1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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ABSTRACT. We isolated for the first time Streptococcus iniae strains associated with diseased marine fish. Diseased red drum Sciaenops ocellatus were lethargic, and presented external signs (exophthalmia and loss of orientation) resembling those of freshwater fish infected by S. injae. Skin lesions, extending to a necrotizing myositis, were typical of S. iniae infection of red drum. Histopathological findings indcate that S. iniae infection in red drum produces a chronic disease with systemic involvement characterized by multiple necrotic foci. Molecular epidemiology (RFLP [restriction fragment length polymorphism] ribotyping) revealed that 2 different ribotypes were involved in a single outbreak. The first is the EcoRl 'Israeli' trout and tilapine ribotype (Hind111 type a strains), while the second is the EcoRI 'American' ribotype (Hind 111 type b strains), typical of tilapines farmed in Texas and Idaho.

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“…This accumulation of purulent fluid also frequently occurs at the base of the pectoral fins (Toranzo et al 199413). The histopathology of this enterococcal infection in turbot has already been described (Nieto et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Antigenic characterization of Enterococcus strains pathogenic for turbot and their relationship with other Gram-positive bacteria

Ae¹,

Jm²,

Núñez³

et al. 1995

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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We describe here the serological and antigenic characterization of a group of highly virulent Enterococcus strains that, since 1993, have caused heavy economic losses in turbot Scophthalmus maximus reared in northern and northwestern Spain. Reference Gram-positive strains and the corresponding polyclonal antisera raised against some species of lactic acid bacteria as well as Corynebacterium aquaticurn and Renibacterium salmoninarum were included. Agglutination assays demonstrated that regardless of the farm and year of isolation, all strains from turbot were serologically homogeneous. However, a number of cross-reactions occurred among the various groups of bacteria (malnly among Enterococcus, Carnobacterium and Lactobacillus species) Analysis of the surface proteins and western blot assays supported the antigenic homogeneity of the Enterococcus strains isolated from turbot because they all yielded an essentially identical protein pattern (major common bands were 40, 45, and 50 kDa) and reacted similarly with antisera raised against representative strains of this group (there were at least 7 common bands of 20, 25, 30, 40, 45, 57 and 80 kDa). This serological homogene~ty suggests that the development of vaccines to control enterococcosis in turbot should be feasible. Irrespective of the source of the polyclonal antisera employed, common immunoreactive proteins were present in all the Gram-positive bacilli and cocci tested. This, together with the cross-agglutination reactions noted among the various bacterial taxa tested, suggests that serological identification of the turbot Enterococcus using polyclonal antisera could be problematical.

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Pathology of Enterococcus sp. infection in farmed turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L.

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Application of suppressive subtractive hybridization to the identification of genetic differences between two Lactococcus garvieae strains showing distinct differences in virulence for rainbow trout and mouse

Application of suppressive subtractive hybridization to the identification of genetic differences between two Lactococcus garvieae strains showing distinct differences in virulence for rainbow trout and mouse

Red drum Sciaenops ocellatus mortalities associated with Streptococcus iniae infection

Antigenic characterization of Enterococcus strains pathogenic for turbot and their relationship with other Gram-positive bacteria

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