Pathology of practolol-induced ocular toxicity.

Rahi, A H; Chapman, C.; Garner, Allison M.; Wright, P

doi:10.1136/bjo.60.5.312

Cited by 59 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Topical practolol was effective in glaucoma patients (110,111) although side effects were evident with oral administration (111). Short-term studies of 0.5% and 1% levobunolol (112) and 0.3% to 2% levobunolol (113) showed dose dependent reductions in pressure in glaucomatous eyes without substantial side effects.…”

Section: Beta-adrenergic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Synopsis of Recent Developments in Antiglaucoma Drugs

McLaughlin¹,

Chiou²

1985

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Open-angle glaucoma is treated primarily with drugs, some of which have been used clinically for years. These drugs include: 1) cholinergic agonists that increase aqueous humor outflow, 2) adrenergic agonists and antagonist that affect both aqueous humor formation and outflow, and 3) carbonic anhydrase inhibitors that decrease aqueous humor formation.Several new classes of drugs are being tested for efficacy and mechanism of action. They include: 1) the D-isomer of timolol that reduces aqueous humor formation without producing adrenergic blockade, 2) dopaminergic agonists and antagonists, including bromocriptine and butyrophenones that reduce intraocular pressure, and 3) cannabinoids that reduce aqueous humor formation and increase outflow.In addition, several other types of drugs, such as prostaglandins, diuretics, Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitors, and adenyl cyclase stimulators are just now beginning to be studied.

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Section: Beta-adrenergic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Synopsis of Recent Developments in Antiglaucoma Drugs

McLaughlin¹,

Chiou²

1985

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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“…While other (3-blockers showed severe side-effects, for example, bupranolol caus ing corneal anesthesia [1,17], metoprolol provoking allergic reactions [20], oxprenolol leading to corneal epitheliopathy [23] and practolol inducing oculomucocutaneous syndrome [24] by immunopathological reactions [3], timolol maleate shows good results and tolerance without ocular or sys temic toxicity in long-term observations. Many investigators, however, realized that after an enormous initial hypotensive effect with timolol, the pressure reduction slowly ceases [4,9,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then pharmacologists started to develop P-blockers for local treatment of glaucoma. Different agents had been tested (table I), but all of them, except timolol, showed remarkable systemic or local sideeffects [2][3][4][5][6], Timolol is the first compound combining good results with tolerance [7,8]. Short-term observations have shown that timolol is more effective than other drops for treating glaucoma [4.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the β-Adrenergic Receptor-Blocking Agent ‘Timolol’ in the Treatment of Open-Angle Glaucoma

Strempel¹

1982

Ophthalmologica

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A follow-up study was performed on 54 eyes with chronic open-angle glaucoma treated with timolol maleate. It was carried out as an open clinical trial with a selected group of eyes. During 2 years of application the effect of timolol under normal conditions as well as under stress tests (darkness test, water-, coffee- or tea-drinking test, early morning measurements) was observed. Until now 40% of patients were regulated with 0.25% timolol twice daily. Another 50% obtained good pressure values under 0.5% timolol therapy and the rest with 0.5% timolol and 2% pilocarpine twice daily. Early morning measurement was shown to be the most important indicator of intraocular pressure regulation by Β-blocking agents. While timolol is usually very effective in reducing the intraocular pressure during daytime, several patients showed unattended high morning pressure values. Up to now, no severe side-effects of timolol therapy have been observed.

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“…A useful property of these drugs is their claimed lack of effect on pupil size [2,6,10], although various other sideeffects sometimes occur, e.g., keratocon junctivitis sicca severe enough in the case of practolol to eliminate it from therapeutic use [3,5,13,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bupranolol, A β₁- and β₂-Blocker, Causes Constriction of the Pupil in Men

Tsukahara¹,

Sasaki²,

Yamabayashi³

et al. 1986

Ophthalmic Res

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Two out of three normal eyes tested with frequent instillation of 30 µl of drops of 0.5% bupranolol, a β₁ + β₂ blocking drug with some intrinsic sympathomimetic and local anesthetic activity, showed a miotic effect of the order of a 25% reduction of pupil area, as estimated by an open-loop iris-videorecorder. A slight contralateral effect was also observed. Blocking by the drug of tonic inhibitory β-adrenergic activity on the sphincter muscle of the pupil is postulated.

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Pathology of practolol-induced ocular toxicity.

Cited by 59 publications

References 7 publications

A Synopsis of Recent Developments in Antiglaucoma Drugs

A Synopsis of Recent Developments in Antiglaucoma Drugs

Role of the β-Adrenergic Receptor-Blocking Agent ‘Timolol’ in the Treatment of Open-Angle Glaucoma

Bupranolol, A β₁- and β₂-Blocker, Causes Constriction of the Pupil in Men

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Pathology of practolol-induced ocular toxicity.

Cited by 59 publications

References 7 publications

A Synopsis of Recent Developments in Antiglaucoma Drugs

A Synopsis of Recent Developments in Antiglaucoma Drugs

Role of the β-Adrenergic Receptor-Blocking Agent ‘Timolol’ in the Treatment of Open-Angle Glaucoma

Bupranolol, A β1- and β2-Blocker, Causes Constriction of the Pupil in Men

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Bupranolol, A β₁- and β₂-Blocker, Causes Constriction of the Pupil in Men