Pathology of the Eye and Orbit

Cunnane, Mary E.; Sepahdari, Ali R.; Gardiner, Matthew; Mafee, Mahmood F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-05355-6.00009-4

Cited by 19 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 241 publications

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“…The paranasal sinuses, especially the ethmoid sinuses, are the main source of orbital infection (8,9). Therefore, orbital cellulitis may manifest as the first sign of acute to subacute sinusitis in children (5). Orbital cellulitis typically shows diffuse soft-tissue stranding posterior to the orbital septum and clinical features of proptosis (exophthalmos), painful ophthalmoplegia, and vision loss.…”

Section: Orbital and Subperiosteal Abscessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The orbit is a pyramidal socket of the skull that is formed by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, zygomatic, and palatine bones and the maxilla (5). The orbital contents are divided into compartments comprising the globe, muscle cone, intraconal space, and extraconal soft tissues (Fig 1a).…”

Section: Anatomic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infections of the orbit account for more than half of primary orbital abnormalities; about two-thirds of the cases are secondary to sinusitis, while one-fourth are due to IOFBs (5). Emergent radiologic evaluation of orbital infections is commonly performed to distinguish anterior periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis from posterior deep (orbital) cellulitis with respect to the orbital septum.…”

Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orbital infections are occasionally caused by invasive fungal pathogens, particularly Mucorales and Aspergillus species. These invasive fungi are particularly aggressive and life threatening (5). Affecting primarily immunocompromised patients and those with diabetes, the infection starts with inhalation of the fungal spores into the paranasal sinuses, which leads to invasion of the vasculature by fungal hyphae and to eventual necrosis of the infected tissues (11).…”

Section: Invasive Fungal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiologic evaluation of the orbit is especially crucial when clinical evaluation is limited by the patient's inability to cooperate, extensive facial trauma, or more life-threatening injuries elsewhere in the body. This article reviews imaging protocols, relevant orbital anatomy, the tion, infection, neoplasm, or vascular malformation (Table 1) (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demystifying Orbital Emergencies: A Pictorial Review

et al. 2017

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Imaging of the orbit plays an important role in the workup of orbital emergencies. Orbital imaging is particularly useful in the emergency department, where clinical history and physical examination may be limited or delayed until the exclusion or treatment of more life-threatening conditions. Cross-sectional orbital imaging with multidetector computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is commonly performed in addition to ultrasonography. In an emergent setting, CT is the preferred modality when evaluating for intraorbital foreign bodies, fractures, or calcifications within a mass lesion. MR imaging is typically the modality of choice for orbital pathologic conditions, owing to its superior ability to delineate the orbital soft tissues and visual pathways. CT and MR imaging together may supplement clinical evaluation by helping establish an accurate diagnosis, providing an objective assessment of disease extent and progression, and assisting in pretreatment planning. Orbital emergencies have a spectrum of cross-sectional imaging findings in four major categories: infection, trauma, vascular disease, and inflammation. Use of a systematic approach to these entities will assist the radiologist with identifying immediate threats to vision and thereby facilitate prompt clinical management. Familiarity with the clinical presentations also improves the radiologist's diagnostic confidence and role in guiding patient care. This article reviews imaging protocols, relevant orbital anatomy, the role of CT and MR imaging, and key imaging findings of orbital emergencies that the radiologist must know. RSNA, 2017.

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Section: Orbital and Subperiosteal Abscessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anatomic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Invasive Fungal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations