Pathophysiologic correlates of acute porcine pleuropneumonia

Baarsch, Mary Jo; Foss, Dennis L.; Murtaugh, Michael P.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.684

Cited by 58 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Cytokine expression, such as Interleukin-6, is brief and of less magnitude than APPs (Hulten et al, 2003). Compared with leucocytes, APPs may offer an improved diagnostic sensitivity as pigs with clinical signs and severe pathological lesions did not develop leucocytosis but had elevated APPs concentrations (Baarsch et al, 2000;Lauritzen et al, 2003b). In addition, they are more stable than blood cells and assays can be performed on frozen serum or plasma samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Porcine Acute Phase Protein Concentrations in Different Diseases in Field Conditions

Parra

Fuentes

Tecles

et al. 2006

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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Five acute phase proteins (APPs) [C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), pig-MAP and albumin] were measured in pigs with naturally occurring infections by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and in animals with tail and ear bites, arthritis and other acute inflammatory processes. Healthy specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs were used as controls. In PRRSV-infected pigs, all APPs with the exception of pig-MAP exhibited significant changes compared with controls. In animals affected with ADV only Hp presented changes of statistical significance, whereas pigs with PCV2 showed marked modifications in all APPs tested. Animals affected with Mycoplasmosis showed concentrations of all positive APPs significantly above levels obtained in SPF pigs, though albumin concentrations did not differ from controls. Finally, all APPs studied showed substantial changes in pigs with acute inflammation. The results indicated that an acute phase response was developed in the different diseases studied, this response being higher in animals with clinical signs and concurrent bacterial processes. Haptoglobin would be the APP that better reflects pathological states; however, to get more complete and valuable information it might be advisable to perform APPs profiles including another APP, such as CRP or SAA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Porcine Acute Phase Protein Concentrations in Different Diseases in Field Conditions

Parra

Fuentes

Tecles

et al. 2006

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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“…The samples were purified on a Bio-Gel P-2 column as described previously (12). Core fractions (fractions 19 -24) eluting off the column slightly after the O-chain (fractions [15][16][17] were combined and lyophilized.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The innate immunity is the first barrier for invading organisms, and inflammation is known to be of special importance in this first line of defense (16). Porcine pleuropneumonia is characterized by an intensive inflammation with infiltration of phagocytic cells such as neutrophils and alveolar macrophages, which are the main cells found in affected lungs (17). Previous in vivo studies have shown that A. pleuropneumoniae infection is associated with the production of a large amount of inflammatory mediators (18,19) and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL1, TNF-␣, IL8, and IL6 (20,21) that could be responsible, at least in part, for the lung injuries and tissue destruction observed in porcine pleuropneumonia (20,22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Truncation of the Lipopolysaccharide Outer Core Affects Susceptibility to Antimicrobial Peptides and Virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serotype 1

Ramjeet

Deslandes

Michael

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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We reported previously that the core oligosaccharide region of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is essential for optimal adhesion of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, an important swine pathogen, to respiratory tract cells. Rough LPS and core LPS mutants of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 were generated by using a mini-Tn10 transposon mutagenesis system. Here we performed a structural analysis of the oligosaccharide region of three core LPS mutants that still produce the same O-antigen by using methylation analyses and mass spectrometry. We also performed a kinetic study of proinflammatory cytokines production such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-␣, IL1-␤, MCP-1, and IL8 by LPS-stimulated porcine alveolar macrophages, which showed that purified LPS of the parent strain, the rough LPS and core LPS mutants, had the same ability to stimulate the production of cytokines. Most interestingly, an in vitro susceptibility test of these LPS mutants to antimicrobial peptides showed that the three core LPS mutants were more susceptible to cationic peptides than both the rough LPS mutant and the wild type parent strain. Furthermore, experimental pig infections with these mutants revealed that the galactose (Gal I) and D,D-heptose (Hep IV) residues present in the outer core of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 LPS are important for adhesion and overall virulence in the natural host, whereas deletion of the terminal GalNAc-Gal II disaccharide had no effect. Our data suggest that an intact core-lipid A region is required for optimal protection of A. pleuropneumoniae against cationic peptides and that deletion of specific residues in the outer LPS core results in the attenuation of the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1.

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“…Four-to six-week-old (8 to 10 kg) male pigs were obtained from a pleuropneumonia-negative commercial herd. Animals were anesthetized with telazole (10 mg/kg of body weight) (Fort Dodge Laboratories, Fort Dodge, Iowa) and treatments were administered intratracheally via the CO 2 port of an ETCO 2 tracheal tube (Sheridan Catheter Corp., Argyle, N.Y.) as previously described (3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-10 Gene Therapy-Mediated Amelioration of Bacterial Pneumonia

2000

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Respiratory infection by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes a highly pathogenic necrotizing pleuropneumonia with severe edema, hemorrhage and fever. Acute infection is characterized by expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and IL-8. To determine if high level production of inflammatory cytokines contributed to disease pathogenesis, we investigated if inhibiting macrophage activation with adenovirus type 5-expressed IL-10 (Ad-5/IL-10) reduced the severity of acute disease. Porcine tracheal epithelial cells infected with Ad-5/IL-10 produced bioactive human IL-10. When pigs were intratracheally infected with A. pleuropneumoniae, pigs pretreated with Ad-5/IL-10 showed a significant reduction in the amount of lung damage when compared to adenovirus type 5-expressing ␤-galactosidase (Ad-5/␤-Gal)-treated and untreated pigs. In addition, serum zinc levels were unchanged, the lung weight/body weight ratio (an indicator of vascular leakage) was significantly reduced, and lung pathology scores were reduced. Myeloperoxidase activity in lung lavage fluid samples, an indicator of neutrophil invasion, was decreased to levels similar to that seen in pigs not infected with A. pleuropneumoniae. Reduction in inflammatory cytokine levels in lung lavage fluid samples correlated with the clinical observations in that pigs pretreated with Ad-5/IL-10 showed a corresponding reduction of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) compared with untreated and Ad-5/␤-Gal-treated pigs. IL-6 levels were unaffected by pretreatment with Ad-5/IL-10, consistent with observations that IL-6 was not derived from alveolar macrophages. Since inflammatory cytokines are expressed at high levels in acute bacterial pleuropneumonia, these results indicate that macrophage activation, involving overproduction of IL-1 and TNF, is a prime factor in infection-related cases of massive lung injury.

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Pathophysiologic correlates of acute porcine pleuropneumonia

Cited by 58 publications

References 26 publications

Porcine Acute Phase Protein Concentrations in Different Diseases in Field Conditions

Porcine Acute Phase Protein Concentrations in Different Diseases in Field Conditions

Truncation of the Lipopolysaccharide Outer Core Affects Susceptibility to Antimicrobial Peptides and Virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serotype 1

Interleukin-10 Gene Therapy-Mediated Amelioration of Bacterial Pneumonia

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