Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis

Dunkel, Bettina; Corley, K. T. T.

doi:10.1111/eve.12234

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Of newborns with early onset sepsis, 85% present within 24 hours, 5% present at 24-48 hours and a smaller percentage present within 48-72 hours. Onset is most rapid in premature neonates [6].…”

Section: Observation and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Haematological Profile in Clinically Suspected Cases of Neonatal Sepsis

Upadhey

Mane

Hulwan

et al. 2020

JPRI

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The present study was a two year observational study of haematological profile in clinically suspected cases of neonatal sepsis. Study analyzed the haematological findings according to Rodwell’s haematological scoring system in neonates clinically suspicious of having sepsis. It included 108 neonates admitted in NICU of our hospital during the study period of June 2015 to May 2017. According to clinical findings, Rodwell’s hematological score and blood culture positivity 108 neonates were divided into three groups; proven sepsis, probable sepsis and no sepsis. Study show that Rodwell’s haematological scoring system is a simple, quick, cost effective tool which can be used as screening test for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

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Section: Observation and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Haematological Profile in Clinically Suspected Cases of Neonatal Sepsis

Upadhey

Mane

Hulwan

et al. 2020

JPRI

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“…), these findings probably reflected systemic responses to immune‐mediated disease. The blood culture of the foal was negative, adequacy of passive transfer was confirmed and the foal required minimal fluid and cardiovascular support, unlike the majority of foals with sepsis (Dunkel and Corley ; Taylor ). Additionally, the magnitude of the thrombocytopenia was much greater than that previously reported for foals with septicaemia (Bentz et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, ulcerative dermatitis and haemarthrosis in a neonatal foal

Preez

Hughes

2017

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary A 3‐day‐old Standardbred filly, born from a multiparous mare, was presented for assessment of limb swellings and reduced appetite. Physical examination revealed tachycardia, multifocal petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages, stiff gait, polysynovial effusion, as well as erosions, multifocal crusting and erythema of the skin. Laboratory examinations revealed adequate transfer of passive immunity, marked thrombocytopenia, moderate neutropenia and anaemia. Aerobic bacterial blood culture was negative. Sanguineous fluid, consistent with haemarthrosis, was obtained by synoviocentesis. The foal was successfully managed with the administration of blood transfusions, an immunosuppressive regimen of corticosteroid medication, systemic antimicrobial medication and supportive care and recovered uneventfully. This report describes a neonatal foal with marked thrombocytopenia and signs of coagulopathy, neutropenia and ulcerative dermatitis consistent with a previously described syndrome. This case emphasises that alloimmune disease should be considered in neonatal foals with haemostatic disturbances or unexplained cytopenia.

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“…Sepsis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn foals, with reported mortality rates as high as 80% (Carter & Martens, 1986; Dunkel, 2015; Paradis, 1994; Sanchez and Lester, 2000; Theelen et al, 2019). Human patient recommendations from the 2012 Surviving Sepsis campaign include prompt administration of broad‐spectrum antimicrobials as a crucial step in the successful treatment of sepsis (Levy et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma disposition of ceftazidime in healthy neonatal foals following intravenous and intramuscular administration

McNeal

Ryan

Berghaus

et al. 2021

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Cephalosporin antimicrobials can be utilized for the treatment of sepsis in neonatal foals, particularly when an aminoglycoside is contraindicated. Some cephalosporins, however, are not utilized because of cost, sporadic availability, or uncertainty about efficacy. The plasma disposition of ceftazidime, a third‐generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against a wide variety of gram‐negative bacteria and minimal renal side effects has not been reported in neonatal foals. In this study, the plasma disposition of single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) doses of ceftazidime in neonatal foals was determined. Six healthy one to two‐day‐old foals were given 25 mg/kg of ceftazidime by IV and IM routes in a cross‐over design, with a 48‐h washout period between doses. Non‐compartmental analysis was used to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters. Median t1/2 was 2 h and median AUC0‐last was 364 µg h/ml for both IV and IM administration. Median Cmax after IM administration was 101 µg/ml, with a median Tmax of 0.7 h. Relative bioavailability of IM injection was 90%. There were no statistically significant differences between estimated IV and IM pharmacokinetic parameters. Plasma concentrations remained above the human CLSI susceptible breakpoint for Enterobacteriaceae for over 8 h following IV and IM administration.

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Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis

Cited by 17 publications

References 102 publications

A Study on Haematological Profile in Clinically Suspected Cases of Neonatal Sepsis

A Study on Haematological Profile in Clinically Suspected Cases of Neonatal Sepsis

Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, ulcerative dermatitis and haemarthrosis in a neonatal foal

Plasma disposition of ceftazidime in healthy neonatal foals following intravenous and intramuscular administration

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