Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Silva, Pedro L.; Rocco, Patricia R. M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41852-0_2

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2,4 This process is mediated by macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial and endothelial cells through the innate immune response. 74 Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are resident cells in the alveoli that use a variety of mechanisms as a defense against the invasion of foreign particles and pathogens at the first line. 75 Upon stimulation, resting macrophages (M0) are activated through classical and alternative pathways that are polarized and mainly classified into pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1) and anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2).…”

Section: Cellular Targets For Nanomedicinementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nanomedicine-Based Therapeutics to Combat Acute Lung Injury

Bian¹,

Cai²,

Cui³

et al. 2021

IJN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acute lung injury (ALI) or its aggravated stage acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may lead to a life-threatening form of respiratory failure, resulting in high mortality of up to 30-40% in most studies. Although there have been decades of research since ALI was first described in 1967, the clinical therapeutic alternatives for ALI are still in a state of limited availability. Supportive treatment and mechanical ventilation still have priority. Despite some preclinical studies demonstrating the benefit of pharmacological interventions, none of these has been proved completely effective to date. Recent advances in nanotechnology may shed new light on the pharmacotherapy of ALI. Nanomedicine possesses targeting and synergistic therapeutic capability, thus boosting pharmaceutical efficacy and mitigating the side effects. Currently, a variety of nanomedicine with diverse frameworks and functional groups have been elaborately developed, in accordance with their lung targeting ability and the pathophysiology of ALI. The in-depth review of the current literature reveals that liposomes, polymers, inorganic materials, cell membranes, platelets, and other nanomedicine approaches have conferred attractive therapeutic benefits for ALI treatment. In this review, we explore the recent progress in the study of the nanomedicinebased therapy of ALI, presenting various nanomedical approaches, drug choices, therapeutic strategies, and outcomes, thereby providing insight into the trends.

show abstract

Section: Cellular Targets For Nanomedicinementioning

confidence: 99%

“… 2 , 4 This process is mediated by macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial and endothelial cells through the innate immune response. 74 …”

Section: Cellular Targets For Nanomedicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomedicine-Based Therapeutics to Combat Acute Lung Injury

Bian¹,

Cai²,

Cui³

et al. 2021

IJN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Within the United Kingdom (UK), 12.5% of intensive care unit admissions meet ARDS criteria,1 and in the United States of America (USA), ARDS affects around 150 0002 3 to 200 0004 people annually. ARDS is the most severe form of acute lung injury (ALI)2 5 6 and is characterised by inflammatory damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane, increasing capillary permeability,7–11 leading to oedema in the alveoli and lung interstitium 7 11. The initial damage can be direct via pneumonia, pulmonary infection or aspiration, or indirect via sepsis, drug toxicity, blood transfusions or non-pulmonary major trauma 7–9 11 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ARDS is the most severe form of acute lung injury (ALI)2 5 6 and is characterised by inflammatory damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane, increasing capillary permeability,7–11 leading to oedema in the alveoli and lung interstitium 7 11. The initial damage can be direct via pneumonia, pulmonary infection or aspiration, or indirect via sepsis, drug toxicity, blood transfusions or non-pulmonary major trauma 7–9 11 12. Following activation of a local inflammatory response, the release of proinflammatory cytokines promotes further damage to the lungs 6–10 12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acute respiratory distress syndrome: potential of therapeutic interventions effective in treating progression from COVID-19 to treat progression from other illnesses—a systematic review

Ragel,

Harris,

Campbell

2023

BMJ Open Resp Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe form of lung injury, rendering gaseous exchange insufficient, leading to respiratory failure. Despite over 50 years of research on the treatment of ARDS when developed from illnesses such as sepsis and pneumonia, mortality remains high, and no robust pharmacological treatments exist. The progression of SARS-CoV-2 infections to ARDS during the recent global pandemic led to a surge in the number of clinical trials on the condition. Understandably, this explosion in new research focused on COVID-19 ARDS (CARDS) rather than ARDS when developed from other illnesses, yet differences in pathology between the two conditions mean that optimal treatment for them may be distinct.AimThe aim of the present work is to assess whether new therapeutic interventions that have been developed for the treatment of CARDS may also hold strong potential in the treatment of ARDS when developed from other illnesses. The study objectives are achieved through a systematic review of clinical trials.ResultsThe COVID-19 pandemic led to the identification of various therapeutic interventions for CARDS, some but not all of which are optimal for the management of ARDS. Interventions more suited to CARDS pathology include antithrombotics and biologic agents, such as cytokine inhibitors. Cell-based therapies, on the other hand, show promise in the treatment of both conditions, attributed to their broad mechanisms of action and the overlap in the clinical manifestations of the conditions. A shift towards personalised treatments for both CARDS and ARDS, as reflected through the increasing use of biologics, is also evident.ConclusionsAs ongoing CARDS clinical trials progress, their findings are likely to have important implications that alter the management of ARDS in patients that develop the condition from illnesses other than COVID-19 in the future.

show abstract

Pulmonary delivery of siRNA against acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome

Zoulikha

Xiao

Boafo

et al. 2022

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) has been under investigation for the treatment of several unmet medical needs, including acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) wherein siRNA may be implemented to modify the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines at the mRNA level. The clear anatomy, accessibility, and relatively low enzyme activity make the lung a good target for local siRNA therapy. However, the clinical translation of siRNA is hampered by the inefficient delivery of siRNA therapeutics to the target cells due to the properties of naked siRNA. Thus, this review will focus on the various delivery systems that can be used and the different barriers that need to be surmounted for the development of stable inhalable siRNA formulations for human use before siRNA therapeutics for ALI/ARDS become available in the clinic.

show abstract

Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Cited by 4 publications

References 68 publications

Nanomedicine-Based Therapeutics to Combat Acute Lung Injury

Nanomedicine-Based Therapeutics to Combat Acute Lung Injury

Acute respiratory distress syndrome: potential of therapeutic interventions effective in treating progression from COVID-19 to treat progression from other illnesses—a systematic review

Pulmonary delivery of siRNA against acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About