Pathophysiology of burn shock and burn edema

Kramer, George C.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-2786-9.00008-4

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Albumin memiliki peran yang penting dalam berbagai proses metabolisme dalam jaringan. Beberapa peran albumin meliputi mempertahankan tekanan onkotik, mengikat dan mengangkut molekul metabolit dan obat, sebagai anti koagulan dan lainnya maka dari itu albumin sangat penting dalam proses penyembuhan luka (Kramer, 2012in Herndon, 2012. Berdasarkan Formularium Nasional sesuai Kepmenkes 2017 perihal pembatasan pemberian albumin infus yang didukung oleh JKN-KIS, ditetapkan bahwa pasien luka bakar diberikan transfusi human albumin bila kadar albumin kurang 2,5 g/dl.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Systematical Review Efektivitas Pemberian Kapsul Ekstrak Channa striata Terhadap Kadar Albumin pada Kasus Luka Bakar

Isamahendra

Hariani

Murtiastutik

2021

JRE

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Latar Belakang: Luka bakar adalah cedera pada kulit atau jaringan organik lainnya yang disebabkan oleh panas, radiasi, zat radioaktif, listrik, gesekan atau kontak dengan bahan kimia. Cedera pada saluran pernapasan akibat inhalasi asap, juga dianggap sebagai luka bakar (WHO, 2018). Bagian tubuh yang mengalami luka bakar akan vasodilatasi akibat adanya stimulus mediator inflamasi yang dilepaskan oleh sel endotel, platelet dan leukosit yang rusak, mengakibatkan peningkatan tekanan hidrostatik kapiler yang menyebabkan meningkatnya permeabilitas membran kapiler. Keadaan ini membuat cairan dan elektrolit di intravaskuler keluar ke ekstravaskuler. Albumin juga ikut keluar ke ekstraseluler pada proses ini, sehingga terjadi hipoalbuminemia. Hipoalbuminemia adalah kondisi dimana kadar albumin dalam darah berada dibawah 3,5 g/dl, sedangkan kadar normal albumin normal dalam darah adalah 3,8-5,0 g/dl. Berdasarkan Formularium Nasional sesuai Kepmenkes 2017 perihal pembatasan pemberian albumin infus yang didukung oleh JKN-KIS, ditetapkan bahwa pasien luka bakar diberikan transfusi human albumin bila kadar albumin kurang 2,5 g/dl. Diperlukan adanya solusi untuk peningkatan kadar albumin selain melalui transfusi, dengan syarat alternatif transfusi albumin ini diharapkan lebih hemat dan efisien dibandingkan dengan albumin transfusi yang terkenal mahal. Ekstrak Channa striata merupakan sebuah produk baru yang diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif albumin transfusi ini. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian kapsul ekstrak Channa striata dapat meningkatkan kadar albumin dalam darah pada kasus luka bakar. Metode: Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematical review dengan mengambil jurnal melalui Google Scholer, PubMed dan ScienceDirect. Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kapsul ekstrak Channa striata dapat meningkatkan kadar albumin dalam tubuh serta mempercepat penyembuhan luka pasien luka bakar. Kapsul ekstrak Channa striata biasanya diberikan sebagai suplementasi bersama bahan lain untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizi pasien. Penelitian yang saya temukan selain membuktikan efek kapsul ekstrak Channa striata terhadap kadar albumin juga memberikan hasil lain mengenai pemberian ekstrak Channa striata pada luka bakar yaitu penurunan kadar MDA serum dan meningkatkan balans nitrogen ke arah positif.

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Systematical Review Efektivitas Pemberian Kapsul Ekstrak Channa striata Terhadap Kadar Albumin pada Kasus Luka Bakar

Isamahendra

Hariani

Murtiastutik

2021

JRE

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“… 20 In the initial stages following a severe burn injury, burn shock presents complex pathophysiological changes under the influence of chemical transmitters, injury factors, and toxins due to the effects of injury, stress, and acute phase and immune-inflammatory reactions. 21 , 22 Severe burn injury is often accompanied by smoke inhalation injury, and there were 12 of 30 patients have inhalation injury in this study. In most cases, inhalation injury aggravates burn shock by increasing vascular permeability, and edema formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

<p>Identification of Key Genes Associated with Changes in the Host Response to Severe Burn Shock: A Bioinformatics Analysis with Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database</p>

Xiao¹,

Duan²,

Gong³

et al. 2020

JIR

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Background: Patients with severe burns continue to display a high mortality rate during the initial shock period. The precise molecular mechanism underlying the change in host response during severe burn shock remains unknown. This study aimed to identify key genes leading to the change in host response during burn shock. Methods: The GSE77791 dataset, which was utilized in a previous study that compared hydrocortisone administration to placebo (NaCl 0.9%) in the inflammatory reaction of severe burn shock, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analyses of Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and then visualized in Cytoscape. In addition, important modules in this network were selected using the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) algorithm, and hub genes were identified in cytoHubba, a Cytoscape plugin. Results: A total of 1059 DEGs (508 downregulated genes and 551 upregulated genes) were identified from the dataset. The DEGs enriched in GO terms and KEGG pathways were related to immune response. The PPI network contained 439 nodes and 2430 protein pairs. Finally, important modules and hub genes were identified using the different Cytoscape plugins. The key genes in burn shock were identified as arginase 1 (ARG1), cytoskeleton-associated protein (CKAP4), complement C3a receptor (C3AR1), neutrophil elastase (ELANE), gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), orosomucoid (ORM1), and quiescin sulfhydryl (QSOX1). Conclusion: The DEGs, functional terms and pathways, and hub genes identified in the present study can help shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the changes in host response during burn shock and provide potential targets for early detection and treatment of burn shock.

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“…Severe burn injuries are a major insult: tissue injury, with the release of multiple local and systemic mediators of inflammation, determines an increased vascular permeability resulting in significant hydro-electrolytic and cardiovascular alterations (118), rapidly evolving to shock. In the past, shock was the primary cause of death in burn patients.…”

Section: Pct In Infectious Complications Of Burnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 2020 review on the role of procalcitonin in different clinical settings: an update conducted with the tools of the Evidence Based Laboratory Medicine

Azzini¹,

Dorizzi²,

Sette³

et al. 2020

Ann Transl Med

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Biomarkers to guide antibiotic treatment decisions have been proposed as an effective way to enhancing a more appropriate use of antibiotics. As a biomarker, procalcitonin (PCT) has been found to have good specificity to distinguish bacterial from non-bacterial inflammations. Decisions regarding antibiotic use in an individual patient are complex and should be based on the pre-test probability for bacterial infection, the severity of presentation and the results of PCT serum concentration. In the context of a high pre-test probability for bacterial infections and/or a high-risk patient with sepsis, monitoring of PCT over time helps to track the resolution of infection and decisions regarding early stop of antibiotic treatment. As outlined by the Evidence Based Laboratory Medicine (EBLM), not only the pre-test probability but also the positive likelihood ratio influence the performance of a test do be really diagnostic. This aspect should be taken into account in the interpretation of the results of clinical trials evaluating the performance of PCT in guiding antibiotic therapy.

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Pathophysiology of burn shock and burn edema

Cited by 19 publications

References 100 publications

Systematical Review Efektivitas Pemberian Kapsul Ekstrak Channa striata Terhadap Kadar Albumin pada Kasus Luka Bakar

Systematical Review Efektivitas Pemberian Kapsul Ekstrak Channa striata Terhadap Kadar Albumin pada Kasus Luka Bakar

<p>Identification of Key Genes Associated with Changes in the Host Response to Severe Burn Shock: A Bioinformatics Analysis with Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database</p>

A 2020 review on the role of procalcitonin in different clinical settings: an update conducted with the tools of the Evidence Based Laboratory Medicine

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