Pathophysiology of ischaemic heart disease

Pocock, Mamatha O.; Dorrell, Lucy; Cicconi, Paola

doi:10.1097/coh.0000000000000411

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…2,3 A detecção de oxidação de LDL pode ser um marcador do processo e/ou do avanço da aterosclerose. 4 Para superar alguns dos obstáculos relacionados à falta de mais epítopos restritos do que os expressos em um processo de oxidação artificial (cobre, ferro e outros) para gerar a LDL oxidada (LDL-ox), foi determinada a resposta autoimune a peptídeos da Apolipoproteína B (ApoB)derivada de uma partícula de LDL. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que anticorpos contra um peptídeo específico (ApoB-D) podem ser considerados um marcador de ativação inflamatória.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Pacientes Naïve Infectados por HIV Apresentam Disfunção Concomitante com Diminuição de Anticorpos Naturais contra Autoantígenos Derivados da Apolipoproteína B Definidos

Fonseca¹,

Gidlund²,

Sant’Anna³

et al. 2021

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Pacientes Naïve Infectados por HIV Apresentam Disfunção Concomitante com Diminuição de Anticorpos Naturais contra Autoantígenos Derivados da Apolipoproteína B Definidos

Fonseca¹,

Gidlund²,

Sant’Anna³

et al. 2021

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

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“…As such, additional studies will be needed to determine total glutathione, the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione, and the activities of the two enzymes involved in the synthesis of GSH, namely γ-glutamylcysteine ligase (ligates l -glutamate and l -cysteine), and glutathione synthetase (adds glycine to γ-glutamylcysteine) in hearts of HIV-infected Hu-mice. Second, ischemic regions were observed in hearts of HIV-1 infected Hu-mice as well as in PLWH ( 63 , 66 , 67 ). Under normoxia, the heterodimeric transcription factor that regulates cellular and systemic adaptive responses hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is targeted for degradation by the proteasome via hydroxylation of proline residues, mediated by the oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) family of enzymes ( 74 , 75 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Link Between Methylglyoxal and Heart Failure During HIV-1 Infection

Dash

Alomar

Cox

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Early-onset heart failure (HF) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection (PLWH), yet the molecular causes for this remain poorly understood. Herein NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ humanized mice (Hu-mice), plasma from PLWH, and autopsied cardiac tissues from deceased HIV seropositive individuals were used to assess if there is a link between the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) and HF in the setting of HIV-1 infection. At five weeks post HIV infection, Hu-mice developed grade III-IV diastolic dysfunction (DD) with an associated two-fold increase in plasma MG. At sixteen-seventeen weeks post infection, cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening also declined by 26 and 35%, and plasma MG increased to four-fold higher than uninfected controls. Histopathological and biochemical analyses of cardiac tissues from Hu-mice 17 weeks post-infection affirmed MG increase with a concomitant decrease in expression of the MG-degrading enzyme glyoxalase-1 (Glo1). The endothelial cell marker CD31 was found to be lower, and coronary microvascular leakage and myocardial fibrosis were prominent. Increasing expression of Glo1 in Hu-mice five weeks post-infection using a single dose of an engineered AAV2/9 (1.7 × 1012 virion particles/kg), attenuated the increases in plasma and cardiac MG levels. Increasing Glo1 also blunted microvascular leakage, fibrosis, and HF seen at sixteen weeks post-infection, without changes in plasma viral loads. In plasma from virally suppressed PLWH, MG was also 3.7-fold higher. In autopsied cardiac tissues from seropositive, HIV individuals with low viral log, MG was 4.2-fold higher and Glo1 was 50% lower compared to uninfected controls. These data show for the first time a causal link between accumulation of MG and HF in the setting of HIV infection.

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“…Atherosclerosis is an essential pathophysiological process in the initiation and progression of CHD [5], and the development of atherosclerosis leads to coronary artery remodeling, resulting in stiffness and stenosis of the vessel lumen, which can severely affect the blood supply capacity of coronary arteries [6]. Therefore, when the human body is acutely active or emotionally agitated, the myocardial demand for oxygen is suddenly increased and symptoms such as stenocardia may occur [7]. What is more serious is that some atherosclerotic plaques are at risk of rupture or invasion of surrounding blood vessels and can cause thrombosis [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio and coronary heart disease in US adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2009–2018

Yan

Sha²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Coronary Artery Disease

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Background Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) events. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between MHR and CHD in American adults from 2009 to 2018 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) database. Methods A total of 25 862 persons in the NHANES from 2009 to 2018 were included in the cross-sectional analysis. The independent variable was MHR and the outcome variable was CHD. MHR was obtained by dividing the number of monocytes by the high-density lipoprotein concentration, and whether it is CHD is obtained through a questionnaire. Univariate analysis, stratified analysis, and a multivariate linear regression model were used to study the correlation between MHR and CHD. Results In each multivariate linear regression model, MHR was positively correlated with CHD, and this positive correlation was stable in both men and women [man odds ratio (OR): 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17–2.03; woman OR: 2.21; 95% CI, 1.40–3.50]. Our results show that the association between MHR and CHD was significant until MHR was less than 0.6 (OR: 7.2; 95% CI, 4.0–13.0); however, in cases where MHR was greater than 0.6, the results were negative but not significantly different (OR: 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3–1.2). Conclusion MHR has a clear association with CHD. Our prediction model and validation model show that MHR is highly predictive and robust as a predictor of CHD, therefore it can play an important role in the prediction of CHD.

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Pathophysiology of ischaemic heart disease

Abstract: Modern ART coupled with intensified efforts towards primary prevention is the cornerstone of IHD risk management in PLWH. The role of chronic inflammation and its optimal management need to be defined.

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Pacientes Naïve Infectados por HIV Apresentam Disfunção Concomitante com Diminuição de Anticorpos Naturais contra Autoantígenos Derivados da Apolipoproteína B Definidos

Pacientes Naïve Infectados por HIV Apresentam Disfunção Concomitante com Diminuição de Anticorpos Naturais contra Autoantígenos Derivados da Apolipoproteína B Definidos

A Link Between Methylglyoxal and Heart Failure During HIV-1 Infection

Association between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio and coronary heart disease in US adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2009–2018

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