Pathophysiology of Physical Inactivity-Dependent Insulin Resistance: A Theoretical Mechanistic Review Emphasizing Clinical Evidence

Yaribeygi, Habib; Maleki, Mina; Sathyapalan, Thozhukat; Jamialahmadi, Tannaz; Sahebkar, Amirhossein

doi:10.1155/2021/7796727

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, the non-exercise control group that maintained their sedentary lifestyle increased abdominal obesity, fasting glucose, and HOMA-IR. These results agree with several studies showing that a sedentary lifestyle is associated with metabolic derangements such as obesity, insulin resistance, and T2DM (8)(9)(10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…These findings have important clinical relevance and in part confirm the evidence that FM accumulation is closely associated with the increase of insulin resistance – a major risk marker of impaired glucose metabolism, T2DM, and CVD ( 8 , 11 , 66 ). Evidence suggests that the chronic low-grade inflammation present in adipose tissue is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance ( 9 , 13 ). Even in young children, a recent study observed lower adiponectin levels, a marker of adiposity secretory dysfunction, and elevated leptin secretion in insulin-resistant children in comparison to lean or obese insulin-sensitive children ( 67 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies report that during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to lockdowns and working remotely, physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors were greatly exacerbated, in the adult population (5)(6)(7). These results have had grave health implications, particularly since prolonged sedentary behavior and physical inactivity are major risk factors for obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). A sedentary lifestyle is associated with unfavorable changes in body composition with loss of muscle mass and accumulation of body fat (BF), mainly abdominal fat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sedentary lifestyle is associated with unfavorable changes in body composition with loss of muscle mass and accumulation of body fat (BF), mainly abdominal fat. This in turn stimulates chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and an increase in the prevalence of related comorbidities including insulin resistance and T2DM ( 9 , 13 ). Furthermore, these behaviors have also been associated with poor mental health and wellbeing, including reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) ( 14 , 15 ) and higher levels of stress ( 16 , 17 ), among adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of combined training during the COVID-19 pandemic on metabolic health and quality of life in sedentary workers: A randomized controlled study

Silva

Duarte-Mendes²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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This study aimed to analyze the effects of a combined training (CT) program performed during the first national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic on body composition, metabolic profile, quality of life and stress in sedentary workers, and examines whether changes in the metabolic profile are associated with changes in health-related outcomes which are modifiable by exercise. We evaluated 31 sedentary workers (48.26 ± 7.89 years old). Participants were randomly assigned to a CT group (i.e., performed 16 weeks of exercise) or to a non-exercise control group. The CT program consisted of 16-week of resistance and aerobic exercise. Body composition, glycemic and lipidic profiles, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), health-related quality of life and stress levels were assessed pre- and post-intervention. After the intervention period, the CT group demonstrated significantly lower waist and hip circumference (p < 0.05) values than the control group. The control group significantly increased the fasting glucose and HOMA-IR after 16 weeks follow-up (+4.74 mg/dL, p = 0.029; and +0.41 units, p = 0.010, respectively), whiles no significant changes were observed in the CT group in the same parameters (+3.33 mg/dL, p = 0.176; and +0.04 units, p = 0.628, respectively). No changes were observed in the lipid profile for either group (p > 0.05). A significant positive relationship was detected between the change in BMI with the changes in insulin and HOMA-IR (r = 0.643, p = 0.024; and r = 0.605, p = 0.037, respectively). In addition, the changes in CRF were negatively associated with the changes in total cholesterol (r = −0.578, p = 0.049). We observed differences between groups on perceived stress levels and physical, psychological, and environmental domains of quality of life, with the CT group showing better results. Moreover, the CT group improved perceived life satisfaction (+3.17 points, p = 0.038). The findings of the present study suggest that the participants who remained physically active during the first pandemic-related lockdown were able to mitigate the deleterious effects associated with a sedentary lifestyle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of combined training during the COVID-19 pandemic on metabolic health and quality of life in sedentary workers: A randomized controlled study

Silva

Duarte-Mendes²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Both in vivo and in vitro results using adipose tissue explants from diabetic and non-diabetic patients showed that the drug metformin was capable of increasing adiponectin gene expression [ 197 ]. Incretin-based therapies for diabetes such as dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists have also been experimentally shown to increase adiponectin synthesis and release both in vitro and in patients with T2D [ 198 ]. Like TZDs, DPP-4 inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy [ 199 ]; however, a recent systematic review showed that DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists have the potential to reduce the risk of postpartum T2D and improve β-cell function in patients with GDM [ 200 ].…”

Section: Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Adiponectin during Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes

Gruber

Dolinsky

2023

Life

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Pregnancy involves a range of metabolic adaptations to supply adequate energy for fetal growth and development. Gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as hyperglycemia with first onset during pregnancy. GDM is a recognized risk factor for both pregnancy complications and long-term maternal and offspring risk of cardiometabolic disease development. While pregnancy changes maternal metabolism, GDM can be viewed as a maladaptation by maternal systems to pregnancy, which may include mechanisms such as insufficient insulin secretion, dysregulated hepatic glucose output, mitochondrial dysfunction and lipotoxicity. Adiponectin is an adipose-tissue-derived adipokine that circulates in the body and regulates a diverse range of physiologic mechanisms including energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In pregnant women, circulating adiponectin levels decrease correspondingly with insulin sensitivity, and adiponectin levels are low in GDM. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and the role of adiponectin in these processes, with a focus on GDM. Recent studies from rodent model systems have clarified that adiponectin deficiency during pregnancy contributes to GDM development. The upregulation of adiponectin alleviates hyperglycemia in pregnant mice, although much remains to be understood for adiponectin to be utilized clinically for GDM.

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Lean Mass Longitudinally Confounds Sedentary Time and Physical Activity With Blood Pressure Progression in 2513 Children

Agbaje

2024

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundRandomized controlled trials have reported no effect of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on reducing blood pressure (BP) in youth, probably due to short trial durations. This study examined the longitudinal effect of sedentary time (ST), light PA (LPA) and MVPA on BP in 11‐year‐old children followed up for 13 years to determine the confounding and mediating role of body composition.MethodsData included 2513 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), UK birth cohort who had data on at least one time‐point measure of accelerometer‐based movement behaviour across the follow‐up and complete BP measures at ages 11, 15 and 24 years. Body composition was assessed with dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry at all time points. Multivariate adjusted generalized linear mixed‐effect model and structural equation causal mediation model analyses were conducted.ResultsAmong 2513 participants (61% female, mean [SD] age 11.72 [0.21] years), ST steadily increased from ~6 h/day in childhood (age 11 years) to ~9 h/day in young adulthood (age 24 years), whereas LPA and MVPA decreased, but BP had an inverted U‐shaped increase. In the longitudinal analysis, after full adjustment, a 1‐min cumulative ST from ages 11 to 24 years was positively associated with increased systolic BP (0.009 mmHg [95% CI 0.007–0.011]; p < 0.001) and diastolic BP. A 1‐min cumulative LPA was inversely associated with systolic BP (−0.007 mmHg [−0.009 to −0.004]; p < 0.001), but not diastolic BP. In isotemporal substitution analyses, longitudinal replacement of 10 min of ST with equal time in LPA during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood cumulatively decreased systolic BP by −2.63 mmHg [95% CI −3.17 to −2.08] (p < 0.0001) and diastolic BP by −1.93 mmHg [95% CI −2.36 to −1.50] (p < 0.0001). Replacing 10 min of ST with 10 min of MVPA had no statistically significant effect due to an absolute confounding effect of lean mass. The association of ST with systolic BP was fully mediated by increased lean mass (93% mediation). Increased total fat mass partially mediated (19%–27%) the inverse associations of cumulative MVPA with cumulative systolic and diastolic BP.ConclusionsTheoretically replacing 10 min/day spent sedentary with 10 min/day of LPA during growth from childhood through young adulthood may lower systolic BP by −3 mmHg and diastolic BP by −2 mmHg. Lean mass seems more significant than fat mass in the relations of ST and PA with BP and should be accounted for in future intervention studies in the paediatric and young adult population.

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Pathophysiology of Physical Inactivity-Dependent Insulin Resistance: A Theoretical Mechanistic Review Emphasizing Clinical Evidence

Cited by 34 publications

References 138 publications

Effects of combined training during the COVID-19 pandemic on metabolic health and quality of life in sedentary workers: A randomized controlled study

Effects of combined training during the COVID-19 pandemic on metabolic health and quality of life in sedentary workers: A randomized controlled study

The Role of Adiponectin during Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes

Lean Mass Longitudinally Confounds Sedentary Time and Physical Activity With Blood Pressure Progression in 2513 Children

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