Pathways to Depressive Symptoms among Former Inmates

Porter, Lauren; Novisky, Meghan A.

doi:10.1080/07418825.2016.1226938

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This may make a degree of sense given the complexity of mental and physical health and the difficulty inherent in measuring both of them on their own (Krause & Jay, 1994;Regier et al, 1998). Scholarship from the medical sciences and psychiatry, however, has resulted in findings that indicate that physical health issues bring about depressive symptoms (Geerlings, Beekman, Deeg, & Van Tilburg, 2000;Turner & Noh, 1988) orperhaps because many former prisoners suffer from depression to begin with (Porter & Novisky, 2016;Schnittker, Massoglia, & Uggen, 2012)-exacerbate existing depression. Thus, during a transition to the community already characterized by stress (Western et al, 2015), it is necessary to consider physical limitations and how they may serve as an additional burden on mental health.…”

Section: Physical and Mental Health And Their Impacts On Adult Role Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of mental and physical health for reentry and recidivism: Toward a health‐based model of desistance*

2019

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During the last few decades, criminologists have identified several adult roles and statuses, including employment, positive family relations, and economic stability, as critical for promoting successful reintegration and desistance. Very few researchers, however, have investigated the conditions that serve to bring about these transitions and successes crucial for behavior change. As a complement to a burgeoning amount of literature on the impact of incarceration on health, we emphasize the reverse: Health has important implications for reentry outcomes and reincarceration. Informed by multiple disciplines, we advance a health‐based model of desistance in which both mental and physical dimensions of health affect life chances in the employment and family realms and ultimately recidivism. Investigating this issue with longitudinal data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) and structural equation models, we find overall support for the health‐based model of desistance. Our results indicate several significant pathways through which both manifestations of health influence employment, family conflict, financial problems, and crime and reincarceration. The findings highlight the need for implementation of correctional and transitional policies to improve health among the incarcerated and avert health‐related reentry failures.

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Section: Physical and Mental Health And Their Impacts On Adult Role Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of mental and physical health for reentry and recidivism: Toward a health‐based model of desistance*

2019

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“…More recently, incarceration has been associated with a higher likelihood of illness, especially stress-related illness and infectious disease (Massoglia, 2008;Schnittker & John, 2007). For mental health in particular, financial difficulties and family functioning have been implicated as key mechanisms contributing to psychological distress (Porter & Novisky, 2017;Turney et al, 2012).…”

Section: Incarceration and Exposure To Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixed and limited results have been generated in prior work, and for the most part, researchers have not been focused on questions of duration or frequency. Moreover, studies interested in these dimensions are often limited by imprecise measures that indirectly gauge exposure, such as the number of yearly interviews taking place in a correctional facility (see Massoglia, 2008;Schnittker & John, 2007).We build on extant research by analyzing the relationship between incarceration dosage and mental health, which has shown a consistent relationship with ever being incarcerated (Massoglia, 2008;Porter & Novisky, 2017;Schnittker et al, 2012;Turney et al, 2012). Our measure of mental health symptoms is a validated screening tool for major depressive disorder, which has far-reaching and enduring consequences for physical health problems such as heart disease, obesity, physical disability, and poor immune functioning (De Wit et al, 2010;Merikangas et al, 2007;Sergerstrom & Miller, 2004;Whooley et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the dichotomy: Incarceration dosage and mental health*

2018

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The findings from a growing body of research reveal that incarceration is detrimental for both physical and mental health. Incarceration, however, is typically conceptualized and operationalized as a dichotomy; individuals either have, or have not, been incarcerated. Considering that incarceration can range from one day to several years, a dichotomous measure may be overlooking important variations across lengths of exposure. In addition, most inmates are incarcerated more than once. In this study, we help to fill this gap by examining the relationship between incarceration dosage, measured as time served and number of spells, and mental health among a sample of young adults from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997. By using fixed‐effects modeling, we find that the number of spells and the months incarcerated are positively related to mental health symptoms and the likelihood of depression. The association, however, is contingent on whether a respondent is currently or formerly incarcerated. Among current inmates, more time served is expected to improve mental health and the number of spells is unrelated to either outcome.

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“…Research increasingly links criminal justice contacts to increased health risk from a host of causes (Geller et al 2014; Lee and Wildeman 2013; McFarland et al 2018; Porter and Novisky 2017; Schnittker and John 2007; Sewell, Jefferson, and Lee 2016; Sugie and Turney 2017; Wildeman and Muller 2012). In light of this emerging evidence, it is likely that the rises in aggressive policing and surveillance practices and mass incarceration in the United States over the past several decades—combined with the striking racial disparities in criminal justice contacts—have implications for individual health and population-level racial health inequities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Criminal Justice Contacts and Psychophysiological Functioning in Early Adulthood: Health Inequality in the Carceral State

Boen

2020

J Health Soc Behav

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Despite increased attention to the links between the criminal justice system and health, how criminal justice contacts shape health and contribute to racial health disparities remains to be better understood. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 5,488) and several analytic techniques—including a quasi-treatment–control design, treatment-weighting procedures, and mediation analyses—this study examines how criminal justice contacts shape inflammatory and depressive risk and contribute to black–white health gaps. Findings revealed that incarceration is associated with increased C-reactive protein and depressive risk, particularly for individuals who experienced long durations of incarceration. Arrests are also associated with mental health, and mediation analyses showed that racial disparities in arrests and incarceration were drivers of black–white gaps in depressive symptoms. Together, this study provides new evidence of the role of the criminal justice system in shaping health and patterning black–white health gaps from adolescence through early adulthood.

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Pathways to Depressive Symptoms among Former Inmates

Cited by 39 publications

References 72 publications

Consequences of mental and physical health for reentry and recidivism: Toward a health‐based model of desistance*

Consequences of mental and physical health for reentry and recidivism: Toward a health‐based model of desistance*

Beyond the dichotomy: Incarceration dosage and mental health*

Criminal Justice Contacts and Psychophysiological Functioning in Early Adulthood: Health Inequality in the Carceral State

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