Pathways to Motivational Impairments in Psychopathology: Common Versus Unique Elements Across Domains

Deanna, M; Pagliaccio, David; Luking, Katherine R.; Moran, Erin K.; Culbreth, Adam J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27473-3_5

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 275 publications

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“…If a task requires participants to learn several pieces of information, a general deficit in motivation may only allow them to learn some of it (e.g., only information about the point outcomes but not about the fruit outcomes). This is relevant because several clinical populations have been shown to exert less effort in instrumental behavior tasks (Barch et al, 2019; Salamone et al, 2016). Also, under certain conditions, such as sleep deprivation, effort is reduced (Engle-Friedman, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Don’t make a habit out of it: Impaired learning conditions can make goal-directed behavior seem habitual.

Buabang¹,

Boddez²,

Houwer³

et al. 2021

Motivation Science

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Habitual processes are often seen as the mechanisms underlying various suboptimal behaviors. Moors et al. (2017) challenged this view, arguing that the influence of goal-directed processes may be underestimated in explaining suboptimal behavior. Much evidence for habitual processes in humans comes from studies that used an outcome devaluation test within a task called the Fabulous Fruit Game (FFG; de Wit et al., 2007). In particular, poor performance on the FFG has been taken as evidence for increased reliance on habits. Recently, however, it was shown that the outcome devaluation test in the FFG targets the wrong outcome, which likely leads to an overestimation of habitual processes (De Houwer et al., 2018). We propose, in addition, that previous findings of differences in performance on the FFG do not reflect differences in habitual and goal-directed processing, but rather depend on differences in learning conditions such as task difficulty, and the opportunity, capacity, and motivation to learn the relevant contingencies. Our study shows that a lack of motivation leads to a pattern that would usually be interpreted as evidence for habits when in fact the behavior is goal-directed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Don’t make a habit out of it: Impaired learning conditions can make goal-directed behavior seem habitual.

Buabang¹,

Boddez²,

Houwer³

et al. 2021

Motivation Science

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“…The second most reported symptom barrier was depressive episodes. This might be related to attention problems as well, which often occur during a depressive episode [ 37 ], or to motivation deficits in depression [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital health literacy and digital engagement for people with severe mental ill health across the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in England

Spanakis,

Lorimer,

Newbronner

et al. 2023

BMC Med Inform Decis Mak

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Background An unprecedented acceleration in digital mental health services happened during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, people with severe mental ill health (SMI) might be at risk of digital exclusion, partly because of a lack of digital skills, such as digital health literacy. The study seeks to examine how the use of the Internet has changed during the pandemic for people with SMI, and explore digital exclusion, symptomatic/health related barriers to internet engagement, and digital health literacy. Methods Over the period from July 2020 to February 2022, n = 177 people with an SMI diagnosis (psychosis-spectrum disorder or bipolar affective disorder) in England completed three surveys providing sociodemographic information and answering questions regarding their health, use of the Internet, and digital health literacy. Results 42.5% of participants reported experiences of digital exclusion. Cochrane-Q analysis showed that there was significantly more use of the Internet at the last two assessments (80.8%, and 82.2%) compared to that at the beginning of the pandemic (65.8%; ps < 0.001). Although 34.2% of participants reported that their digital skills had improved during the pandemic, 54.4% still rated their Internet knowledge as being fair or worse than fair. Concentration difficulties (62.6%) and depression (56.1%) were among the most frequently reported symptomatic barriers to use the Internet. The sample was found to have generally moderate levels of digital health literacy (M = 26.0, SD = 9.6). Multiple regression analysis showed that higher literacy was associated with having outstanding/good self-reported knowledge of the Internet (ES = 6.00; 95% CI: 3.18–8.82; p < .001), a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (compared to psychosis spectrum disorder – ES = 5.14; 95% CI: 2.47–7.81; p < .001), and being female (ES = 3.18; 95% CI: 0.59–5.76; p = .016). Conclusions These findings underline the need for training and support among people with SMI to increase digital skills, facilitate digital engagement, and reduce digital engagement, as well as offering non-digital engagement options to service users with SMI.

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“…Excessive aversion to delay and effort can manifest as impulsivity and apathy, respectively (Ainslie, 1975;Bonnelle et al, 2016;Chong et al, 2016;Cummings, 1993), fluctuations in which are hallmark symptoms of various mental illnesses and substance use disorders (Paulus, 2007). Lack of motivation to exert effort or wait for delayed prospects is a distinguishing factor of conditions such as depression and schizophrenia (Barch et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent preferences for cognitive effort fade when multiple forms of effort and delay are interleaved in a foraging environment

Toro-Serey¹,

Kane²,

McGuire³

2021

Preprint

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Cognitive and physical effort are typically regarded as costly, but demands for effort also seemingly boost the value of prospects under certain conditions. One contextual factor that might influence the perceived value of effort is the mix of different demand types a decision maker encounters in a given environment. Here, we embedded both cognitive and physical effort in a "prey selection" foraging task, which required decision makers not only to evaluate the magnitude and delay of a focal prospective reward but also to estimate the general opportunity cost of time. In two experiments, participants encountered prospective rewards that required equivalent intervals of cognitive effort, physical effort, or unfilled delay. Monetary offers varied per trial, and the two experiments differed in whether the type of effort or delay cost was the same on every trial (between-participant manipulation, n=21 per condition), or varied across trials (within-participant manipulation, n=48). When each participant faced only one type of cost, cognitive effort persistently produced the highest acceptance rate compared to trials with an equivalent period of either physical effort or unfilled delay. We theorized that if cognitive effort were intrinsically rewarding, we would observe the same pattern of preferences when participants foraged for varying cost types in addition to rewards. Contrary to this prediction, in the within-participant experiment, an initially higher acceptance rate for cognitive effort trials disappeared over time amid an overall decline in acceptance rates as participants gained experience with all three conditions. Our results indicate that cognitive demands may reduce the discounting effect of delays, but not because decision makers assign intrinsic value to cognitive effort. Rather, the results suggest that a cognitive effort requirement might influence contextual factors such as subjective delay duration estimates, which can be recalibrated if multiple forms of demand are interleaved.

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Pathways to Motivational Impairments in Psychopathology: Common Versus Unique Elements Across Domains

Cited by 7 publications

References 275 publications

Don’t make a habit out of it: Impaired learning conditions can make goal-directed behavior seem habitual.

Don’t make a habit out of it: Impaired learning conditions can make goal-directed behavior seem habitual.

Digital health literacy and digital engagement for people with severe mental ill health across the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in England

Apparent preferences for cognitive effort fade when multiple forms of effort and delay are interleaved in a foraging environment

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