Patient attitudes regarding pharmacist-administered memory screening in community pharmacies

Systematic review to inform the development of a community pharmacy-based intervention for people affected by dementia

“…In addition to this, a large proportion of the studies included in this review were service evaluations, which leads to Collier [28] 2013 U Ireland Care/nursing home 54 U Conlon [46] 2009-10 U Ireland Care/nursing home 67 U Furniss [29] 2000 U a UK Care/nursing home 330 Hursh [47] 2008-09 U USA Care/nursing home~130 Kr€ oger [48] 2014 U Canada Care/nursing home 48 Maidment [49] 2011 U UK Care/nursing home 26 U Monette [50] 2004 U Canada Care/nursing home 90 Anderson [27] 2014 U USA Clinic 150 Nakamura [51] 2012-14 U Japan Clinic 35 Patel [52] 2010 U USA Clinic 20 U Sakakibara [53] 2014 U b Japan Clinic 50 Sonnett [23] 2012 U USA Clinic 302 Setter [54] 2004-5 U USA Community dwelling 100 Anonymous [22] 2014-15 U UK Community Pharmacy ? Breslow [25] 2013 U USA Community Pharmacy 26 Fountain [55] 2007 U USA Community Pharmacy 1 Manrai [26] 2015 U c UK Community Pharmacy ? U Rickles [24] 2008 U USA Community Pharmacy 161 Gustafsson [56] 2012 U Sweden Geriatric care unit 895 Child [30] 2011 U UK GP Surgery 70 Stuhec [57] 2013 U Slovenia GP Surgery 629 U Efjestad [58] 2011 U Norway Hospital (all) 50 Farrell [59] 2013 U Canada Hospital Inpatient 1 Frausto [60] 2013-14 U USA Hospital Inpatient 128 Mouchoux [61] 2011 U France Hospital Inpatient 97 Paquin [62] 2010-12 U USA Hospital Outpatient 501 Watanabe [21] 2008-12 U Japan Hospital Outpatient 111 D'Souza [63] 2010-12 U USA Medical centre 162 Cations [64] 2015 U Australia Residential aged care facility 81 U there being insufficient high-quality evidence to supporting the development of future community pharmacy interventions.…”

“…Anonymous [22] U e U Monette [50] Watanabe [21] U U Memory screening Breslow [25] U Rickles [24] U Setter [54] U Sonnett [23] Miscellaneous Anderson [27] U f Manrai [26] U g a Ap, antipsychotic; Ch, anticholinergic; Be, benzodiazepine. b…”

“…[22] Memory screenings conducted by pharmacists utilised well-known screening techniques such as the Mini-cog [23,24] ; Mini-Mental Screening examination (MMSE) and the Clock-Drawing test. [25] The studies in the miscellaneous category included an audit identifying an array of interventions within community pharmacy [26] and the assessment of patient's cognitive function and ability to fill and use a pillbox. [27] Table 3 provides further information regarding the interventions identified.…”

“…Collier et al [28] noted how regular multidisciplinary medicine review meetings had a positive impact on prescribing psychotropics and reducing the number of elderly residents' medications. Other elements found effective included minimal training, [23,25] mixed methods training, [22] low cost of intervention, [29] the intervention being quick to conduct, [23,25] accessibility of intervention [22,23] and the ability for the intervention to be replicated. [24] Ineffective elements Fourteen elements were recorded by authors, as ineffective (with five derived from one article [22] ).…”

“…[24] Ineffective elements Fourteen elements were recorded by authors, as ineffective (with five derived from one article [22] ). Ineffective elements included reliance on a dementia register for identifying patients with dementia using antipsychotics, [30] poor level of follow-ups from doctors following pharmacist recommendations and communication difficulties between HCPs, [24] service-user involvement being dependant on self-reporting and poor tool sensitivity, [25] difficulties raising awareness of the intervention, having the time to conduct the intervention and convincing doctors of potential benefits of the intervention. [22] Quality One study received a quality rating of 'high' due to its' randomised control design whereas 26 studies were rated 'low' or lower (see Table 5) quality study designs which largely consisted of service evaluations.…”