Patient-identified events implicated in the development of body dysmorphic disorder

Weingarden, Hilary; Curley, Erin; Renshaw, Keith D.; Wilhelm, Sabine

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.02.003

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In fact, BDD participants remember appearance related teasing as more vivid and traumatic than controls [15]. For those that attribute their BDD to a specific triggering event, teasing and bullying appears to be the most common culprit [16]. Specifically, appearance related bullying incidents of an interpersonal nature during grade and middle school were reported.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Prevalence of bullying in a pediatric sample of body dysmorphic disorder

Neziroglu

Borda

Khemlani-Patel

et al. 2018

Comprehensive Psychiatry

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Little is known about etiological factors in Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Cognitive behavioral and diathesis-stress models have implicated teasing and bullying as significant early environmental stressful triggers. Due to these implications, this study aimed to assess the emergence of BDD in children during early development, and to see if bullying experiences played a role in its development. A total of 219 children ages 7 to 10 were screened for psychopathology. Children were separated into four groups including a BDD group, an OCD group, a clinical control group (consisting of depressive disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and anxiety disorders not otherwise specified), and a non-clinical control group. Children were given questionnaires to evaluate their bullying and victimization experiences. It was hypothesized that children with BDD would experience more instances of victimization than children with OCD, clinical controls, and non-clinical controls. Contrary to the hypothesis, results indicated that children with BDD symptoms were significantly more likely to be perpetrators of bullying than the other groups [F (3, 27.082) = 17.892, p < .001]. In addition to scoring high on the bullying questionnaires, children with BDD scored high on victim questionnaires as well, suggesting a link between these two peer interpersonal conflicts. The results of this study suggest that bullying behavior might be an unknown characteristic in young children with emerging BDD pathology.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…BULLYING AND BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER psychosocial outcomes than BDD individuals with other triggering events, suggesting that bullying specifically is an important variable to investigate further [16].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bullying in a pediatric sample of body dysmorphic disorder

Neziroglu

Borda

Khemlani-Patel

et al. 2018

Comprehensive Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Environment and life experiences may contribute to BDD, especially if they involve negative social evaluations about someone's appearance, body or self-image, or even childhood neglect or abuse. Bullying has been shown to be associated with BDD, and most episodes were interpersonal and occurred during grade school or middle school [51]. BDD symptoms were higher when adolescents self-reported more appearance teasing and higher social anxiety.…”

Section: Environment and Life Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Distorted Body Image: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Ayub¹,

Kimong²,

Ee³

2020

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - Theories and Applications

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Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is one of the mental disorders that warrant more research due to the current challenges and complexity of human life. A search through Medline, Academic Search Premier, PsycINFO, and PsyArticles, using "body dysmorphic disorder" and "intervention" keywords, showed that a total of 186 articles had been published for the past 25 years. BDD was added to the obsessive-compulsive and related disorder spectrum in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-5 (2013). BDD is a preoccupation with an imagined defect in physical appearance by individual who looks normal which causes low self-esteem and co-morbids with other mental health problems. Individuals with BDD often end up with dermatological treatment and cosmetic surgery. However, in most cases, they frequently experience a dissatisfaction with the results and worsen the individual condition. Therefore, psychological intervention is needed to treat individuals with BDD to combat their negative perceptions on physical appearance. Research has shown that one of the effective interventions in treating individuals with BDD is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Some techniques that are recommended are psychoeducation, restructuring cognitive, exposure and ritual prevention, and others. This paper aims to discuss the clinical diagnosis and CBT intervention as a treatment for individual with BDD.

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“…In addition, some retrospective studies reported increased rates of abuse in patients with BDD compared with those in healthy men and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. [36][37][38] Environmental impact as a risk factor for BDD is not yet fully understood, but understanding its role will greatly help in the prevention and psychological counseling of BDD.…”

Section: Body Dysmorphic Syndrome (Penile Dysmorphic Syndrome)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Updates in the Right Decision and Management of “Small Penis Syndrome”

2020

JOMH

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Background and objective Many men tend to desire a larger penis than women want because it symbolizes masculinity and sexual prowess. Micropenis is a normally developed penis with at least 2.5 standard deviations below the mean size in stretched length for age. Unlike micropenis, small penis syndrome (SPS) refers to uncomfortable feelings about one's penis size, even though penis size does not fall within the micropenis category. Some men seriously worry or feel ashamed of their penis size, and they may meet the diagnosis criteria of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Unlike micropenis, the differential diagnosis of BDD is very important, because it is associated with high rates of committing suicide. In particular, when combined with BDD, it is known that poor outcomes after cosmetic interventions are expected. Several validated assessment tools are available to differentiate SPS and the degree of BDD, but they are still controversial. Furthermore, many physicians are performing cosmetic interventions on patients who have not been fully assessed and counseled by a psychologist, thereby leading to unsatisfactory results. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the definition of disease for penis size and review its diagnosis and treatment. This will be helpful both for physicians to enable them to provide adequate counseling and treatment and for patients to help them avoid unsatisfactory treatment.

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Patient-identified events implicated in the development of body dysmorphic disorder

Cited by 36 publications

References 34 publications

Prevalence of bullying in a pediatric sample of body dysmorphic disorder

Prevalence of bullying in a pediatric sample of body dysmorphic disorder

A Distorted Body Image: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Recent Updates in the Right Decision and Management of “Small Penis Syndrome”

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