Patrimonio local en un mundo global: procesos de patrimonialización cultural en contextos locales de Andalucía y el País Vasco

Abstract

Resumen: La patrimonialización cultural se trata de un proceso en el que determinados elementos (materiales e inmateriales) pasan a convertirse en bienes culturales porque simbolizan una identidad colectiva. Este proceso presenta una gran complejidad por diferentes motivos: referentes identitarios diversos, multiplicidad de agentes participantes, variabilidad de valores e intereses o incidencia de determinados procesos globales. Así, en este trabajo, presentamos los resultados de un estudio de carácter etnográfico sobre dos proyectos patrimoniales llevados a cabo en Aracena (Andalucía) y en Legazpi (País Vasco). Nuestro análisis pone de relieve cómo estas dos realidades locales diferentes viven en las mismas fechas, finales del siglo XX e inicios del siglo XXI, procesos similares de patrimonialización. Si, en un primer momento, esos proyectos son preferentemente identitarios; a partir de la década de los 90, comienza a imperar la idea de que el patrimonio cultural puede ser un activo importante en el desarrollo local, todo ello impulsado por la Unión Europea. This paper presents the results of an ethnographic study of two heritage projects in Aracena (Andalusia) and in Legazpi (Basque Country). Our analysis highlights the way in which these two areas, each with its own local reality, experienced toward the end of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries similar processes of heritagization. While each begun with a particular emphasis on the construction of local identity, the present study found that beginning in the 1990s, and as a result of the European Union, there was a shift toward the idea that cultural heritage can play an important role in local development.

A new materialist governance paradigm for tourism destinations

“…In the past, proximity tourism has proven that it is a mechanism of adaptation in a context of economic crisis (Callot, 2013). Not only is proximity tourism a form of tourism that promotes environmental awareness (Diaz-Soria, 2017) for its low-carbon modes of transportation, but it also brings social benefits to tourism destinations, whereby promoting their unique cultural heritage, which in turn reinforces local identities (Arrieta Urtizberea et al, 2016). Proximity tourism has been theorised as locavism by Houge Mackenzie and Goodnow (2021), who argue that micro-adventures undertaken close to home are likely to drive psychological, financial, and social investment in disadvantaged rural areas.…”

The Heritagization of a Mediterranean Vernacular Mountain Landscape: Concepts, Problems and Processes

“…According to this interpretation, heritage becomes an economic resource, a consumer good (Hernández 2009). The development of capitalist society has created basic consumer needs based on leisure and the tourist offer which have led to heritagization processes becoming part of a context of economic and social profitability (Urtizberea, Hernández and Andreu 2016).…”