Patrones electroencefalográficos periódicos: un hallazgo controversial e infrecuente

Abstract

Periodic electroencephalographic patterns are discharges usually epileptiform in appearance, which occur at regular intervals associated with acute brain injury such as cerebral vascular disease and encephalitis. They are commonly classified as periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges, periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges bilateral independent, generalized epileptiform discharges, triphasic waves and stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic or ictal discharges. The aim of this study is to make a review of the periodic EEG patterns, emphasizing the importance of their recognition and clinical significance. The clinical significance of the periodic EEG patterns is uncertain, it is related to a variety of etiologies and suggest that these patterns are unequivocally epileptogenic in some cases and these patterns associated with poor prognosis. Their recognition and classification are important to establish an accurate correlation between clinical, neurological, laboratorial and neuroimaging data with the EEG results, which allow making adequate therapeutic benefit of critical patient behavior.

Convulsiones neonatales

“…En los recién nacidos a término, la incidencia de las convulsiones está entre 1-3/1000 nacidos vivos y reflejan un mal funcionamiento o agresión al cerebro inmaduro; por tanto, una convulsión es una emergencia neurológica que requiere diagnóstico y tratamiento urgente para prevenir la mortalidad y secuelas importantes a nivel neurológico que pueden presentarse a mediano y largo plazo. Los procesos de desarrollo cortical durante el periodo neonatal pueden verse interrumpidos por la presencia de convulsiones; lo que puede llevar a deficiencias cognitivas y riesgo de epilepsia como secuelas graves a largo plazo (1,2).…”