Pattern of Development in Foals from Four Different Breeds between Birth and Weaning

Filho, Hélio Cordeiro Manso; Hunka, Monica Miranda; Wanderley, Erika Korinfsky; Mélo, Stephânia Katurchi Mendes; Beltrão, Maria do Rosário; Abreu, José Mário Girão; Manso, Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa Cordeiro

doi:10.4236/ojvm.2014.45009

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The foals were not subjected to concentrate supplementation during lactation, and weaning started at a mean body weight of 160.79 kg in CG and 153.40 kg in WG, which is slightly below the 171.55 kg and 173.5 kg cited by Rezende, Sampaio, Legorreta and Moreira (2000) and Silva Moura et al (2016), respectively, and above the 127.26 kg cited by Manso et al (2014) for foals of the Mangalarga Marchador breed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Supplement inclusion on post-weaning foals’ (Mangalarga Marchador) diet with a protein supplement based on whey protein, glutamine, and lysine

Escodro

Almeida

Mariz

et al. 2021

Semina: Ciênc. Agrár.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the partial replacement effect on body measurements (body mass, muscle thickness, and fat thickness) of the concentrated fraction of foals’ diet with a protein supplement containing whey protein, glutamine, and lysine during the post-weaning period. Eighteen Mangalarga Marchador foals were randomly divided into two groups in the post-weaning phase, with nine animals each in the control group (CG) and the group receiving protein supplementation (WG). Based on 4% of their body weight (BW), the CG animals received a diet with roughage to concentrate in a ratio of 50:50, which composed of Cynodon sp. hay and a 15% crude protein (CP) commercial horse ration. The WG diet consisted of the same amount of hay used for the CG diet, half the amount of concentrate used in the CG diet, and 102 g of a protein supplement containing whey protein, glutamine, and lysine. During the experiment, five evaluations were performed, starting on the day of weaning (day 0), followed by evaluations conducted at 7, 14, 28, and 42 days after weaning. Body measurements, body mass, and thickness of the fat and muscle layers were assessed at each time point. The substitution of a portion of the commercial diet with protein supplement containing whey protein, glutamine, and lysine did not cause changes in the weight gain or linear measurements of Mangalarga Marchador foals during the post-weaning period; however, the change in diet increased muscle thickness and decreased fat thickness when compared to animals in the control group.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The values of the studied variables were found to be regular and homogeneous using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Thus, they were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures using R software (Manso et al, 2014). The means were compared using Tukey's test at a 5% significance level (P <0.05).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Supplement inclusion on post-weaning foals’ (Mangalarga Marchador) diet with a protein supplement based on whey protein, glutamine, and lysine

Escodro

Almeida

Mariz

et al. 2021

Semina: Ciênc. Agrár.

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“…There was a significant growth of animals within the experimental period. As reported, several factors can influence the development of foals, such as breed, age, sex, nutritional level, and so on [ 54 ]. In general, horses have a similar growth pattern in the period from 0 to 18 months of age, regardless of the breed and environmental conditions [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of conditioning on the left ventricular function of young purebred Arabian horses

Ramos,

Santos,

Gava

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The effects of conditioning on cardiac function in young horses is still unknown. For this reason, this study evaluated the left ventricular (LV) function of young horses by echocardiography after six weeks of conditioning. Fourteen untrained young purebred Arabian horses were evaluated at rest and after a stress test (ST) before and after a six-week conditioning program. There was an increase in V4 (p < 0.001) after conditioning, as well as a reduction in both heart rate (HR) at rest and peak HR during the ST (p < 0.001). There was also a reduction in internal diameter, along with an increase in interventricular septal, free wall and mean thicknesses and LV mass (p < 0.05). After the ST, the conditioned animals showed higher values of velocity time integral, stroke volume, systolic and cardiac indices, ejection (ET) and deceleration times (DT), end-diastolic volume, time to onset of radial myocardial velocity during early diastole and time to peak of transmitral flow velocity, in addition to reduced pre-ejection period (PEP), PEP/ET ratio and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (p < 0.05). The conditioning protocol promoted physiological adaptations that indicate an improvement in the animals’ aerobic capacity associated with an enhanced left ventricular function.

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“…Authors [10] assessed the development of Quarter horse foals. And others [15] studied the development of four different breeds under tropical conditions and demonstrated that the Quarter horses had a WH and CP of ~ 91 cm and ~ 85 cm, respectively, at birth, and ~ 117 cm and ~ 122 cm, respectively, at five months of age. Upon comparison of our data with those previously reported [15], it was notable that the biometric parameters were slightly lower at birth, but similar at five months of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And others [15] studied the development of four different breeds under tropical conditions and demonstrated that the Quarter horses had a WH and CP of ~ 91 cm and ~ 85 cm, respectively, at birth, and ~ 117 cm and ~ 122 cm, respectively, at five months of age. Upon comparison of our data with those previously reported [15], it was notable that the biometric parameters were slightly lower at birth, but similar at five months of age. These data indicate that the supplementation did not affect the development of the animals based on comparisons with the control group and with animals reared in similar conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of L-Arginine Supplementation on Lactating Mares and the Development of Foals

Hunka

Silva

Kutschenko³

et al. 2016

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Most animal species are able to produce Arginine (Arg) under normal conditions. However, in some situations, its degradation can be higher than its production. For example, during a period of lactation or disease, there is an increase in the consumption of Arg. In this case, endogenous production is not enough for the animal's demands. Indeed, Arg supplementation in animals has several benefits for the animal's body, such as the increase of angiogenesis, improvements in immunity and the reproductive system, as well as the stimulation of lactogenesis. During the early phase of growth, a deficiency of Arg could cause a reduction in the growth rate and metabolic activity of animals. Therefore, this amino acid is considered essential in some phases of the life of animals. However, very few studies of the supplementation of this amino acid in horses have been carried out. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of supplementing lactating mares and their foals with Arg. Materials, Methods & Results:Lactating mares (n = 10) were divided into two groups (control group: n = 3 / supplemented group: n = 7) and maintained exclusively under grazing. The supplemented group received 50 g of Arg during the lactation period. Samples of milk and blood from mares and blood from foals were collected at different phases of the lactation period. The following parameters were measured in milk: Glutamine (Gln); Glutamate (Glu); protein; fat; casein; lactose; urea and total solids. The following parameters were measured in blood: Gln; Glu; total plasmatic protein (TPP); albumin; urea; creatinine; uric acid; triglycerides; total cholesterol; calcium (C); phosphorous (P); magnesium (Mg) and ferrous (Fe). In addition, the biometric parameters of Wither Height (WH), Chest Perimeter (CP), Cannon Bone Circumference (CBC) and Fat Percentage (FP) of foals were obtained. A significant increase of Gln was observed in the milk in both groups (P < 0.05). The highest concentration of Gln was detected in the third month of the lactation period in the supplemented group (~ 2.26 mmol/mL), and the control group (~ 1.91 mmol/mL) during the same period. Gln did not alter in the blood (P > 0.05), although Glu was higher in the control group in the first month of the lactation period (~ 0.21 mmol/mL) (P < 0.05). An increase in uric acid (~ 0.19 mmol/L) in both groups on the day of birth (P < 0.05). In the supplemented group, increases in triglycerides (~ 0.60 mmol/L), Ca (~ 2.90 mmol/L) and Mg (~ 0.52 mmol/L) were observed in the first month of the lactation (P < 0.05). At birth, foals exhibited high levels of urea (~ 4.67 mmol/L) and uric acid (~ 0.21 mmol/L), and low levels of P (~ 2.02 mmol/L) (P < 0.05). The levels of Gln in the blood of foals remained between 0.50 and 0.70 mmol/mL throughout the lactation period (P > 0.05). Even when they were added (Gln + Glu), no differences were observed (P > 0.05). However, when the biometric parameters were analyzed, significant variations were detected in almost all charac...

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Pattern of Development in Foals from Four Different Breeds between Birth and Weaning

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Supplement inclusion on post-weaning foals’ (Mangalarga Marchador) diet with a protein supplement based on whey protein, glutamine, and lysine

Supplement inclusion on post-weaning foals’ (Mangalarga Marchador) diet with a protein supplement based on whey protein, glutamine, and lysine

Effects of conditioning on the left ventricular function of young purebred Arabian horses

Effects of L-Arginine Supplementation on Lactating Mares and the Development of Foals

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