Pattern Recognition of Optical Fiber Vibration Signal of the Submarine Cable for Its Safety

Real-time monitoring of large marine structures’ health, including drilling platforms, submarine pipelines, dams, and ship hulls, is greatly needed. Among the various kinds of monitoring methods, optical fiber sensors (OFS) have gained a lot of concerns and showed several distinct advantages, such as small size, high flexibility and durability, anti-electromagnetic interference, and high transmission rate. In this paper, three types of OFS used for marine structural health monitoring (SHM), including point sensing, quasi-distributed sensing, and distributed sensing, are reviewed. Emphases are given to the applicability of each type of the sensors by analyzing the operating principles and characteristics of the OFSs. The merits and demerits of different sensing schemes are discussed, as well as the challenges and future developments in OFSs for the marine SHM field.

Section: Typical Applications Of Ofss For Marine Shmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Typical Applications Of Ofss For Marine Shmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Structural Health Monitoring with Optical Fiber Sensors: A Review

Chen

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

“…Masoudi et al [184] proposed a submarine cable condition monitoring method in which a distributed optical fiber vibration sensor was used to monitor the location and strain level of each point on the cable. Fouda et al [185] proposed a time-frequency domain characteristic and SVM classifier-based method for submarine cables in which the vibration signals of optical fiber were used to detect malicious attacks. Xu et al [186] proposed a method for monitoring submarine cables based on the temperature increase in optical fibers and developed an online monitoring system based on a BOTDR-based submarine cable online monitoring system.…”

Section: Monitoring For Submarine Cablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xu et al [186] proposed a method for monitoring submarine cables based on the temperature increase in optical fibers and developed an online monitoring system based on a BOTDR-based submarine cable online monitoring system. In [184][185][186], the interference of the harsh marine environment in the optical fiber signals should be considered in future research so as to improve the practical application value of the method. Zhao et al [187] proposed a monitoring system based on BOTDR for 110 kV submarine cables in which the temperature/strain information was used to locate the faults, but the distributed temperature and train simultaneous measurement technology should be improved to make the method more practical in the future.…”

Section: Monitoring For Submarine Cablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Monitoring, Operation and Maintenance of Smart Offshore Wind Farms

Kou

Zhang

et al. 2022

In recent years, with the development of wind energy, the number and scale of wind farms have been developing rapidly. Since offshore wind farms have the advantages of stable wind speed, being clean, renewable, non-polluting, and the non-occupation of cultivated land, they have gradually become a new trend in the wind power industry all over the world. The operation and maintenance of offshore wind power has been developing in the direction of digitization and intelligence. It is of great significance to carry out research on the monitoring, operation, and maintenance of offshore wind farms, which will be of benefit for the reduction of the operation and maintenance costs, the improvement of the power generation efficiency, improvement of the stability of offshore wind farm systems, and the building of smart offshore wind farms. This paper will mainly summarize the monitoring, operation, and maintenance of offshore wind farms, with particular focus on the following points: monitoring of “offshore wind power engineering and biological and environment”, the monitoring of power equipment, and the operation and maintenance of smart offshore wind farms. Finally, the future research challenges in relation to the monitoring, operation, and maintenance of smart offshore wind farms are proposed, and the future research directions in this field are explored, especially in marine environment monitoring, weather and climate prediction, intelligent monitoring of power equipment, and digital platforms.

“…With the help of fiber optic acoustic monitoring systems, it is possible to monitor runways (Merlo, S. et al [ 4 ]) and perform the monitoring of vibrations of the optical fiber of the submarine cable for its safety (Fouda, B. [ 5 ]). Furthermore, these systems may be used for perimeter security.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Acoustic Influences Registered with Phase-Sensitive OTDR Using Pattern Recognition Methods

Barantsov

Pnev

Koshelev

et al. 2023

This article is devoted to the development of a classification method based on an artificial neural network architecture to solve the problem of recognizing the sources of acoustic influences recorded by a phase-sensitive OTDR. At the initial stage of signal processing, we propose the use of a band-pass filter to collect data sets with an increased signal-to-noise ratio. When solving the classification problem, we study three widely used convolutional neural network architectures: AlexNet, ResNet50, and DenseNet169. As a result of computational experiments, it is shown that the AlexNet and DenseNet169 architectures can obtain accuracies above 90%. In addition, we propose a novel CNN architecture based on AlexNet, which obtains the best results; in particular, its accuracy is above 98%. The advantages of the proposed model include low power consumption (400 mW) and high speed (0.032 s per net evaluation). In further studies, in order to increase the accuracy, reliability, and data invariance, the use of new algorithms for the filtering and extraction of acoustic signals recorded by a phase-sensitive reflectometer will be considered.