Pattern-Reconfigurable Water Horn Antenna

Ren, Zhen; Qi, Shi‐Shan; Wu, Wen; Shen, Zhongxiang

doi:10.1109/tap.2021.3064036

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since the development of first water-filled antenna, a number of different types of antennas have been developed with pure water. Although most of the pure water based antennas are dielectric resonator antennas, other types of antennas are also realized using pure water, including dense dielectric patch antenna using either metallic ground plane [37] or water based ground plane [35], short backfire antenna [38] and horn antenna [39]. Since the development of first water antenna, remarkable advancements can be witnessed in this highly demanding field.…”

Section: Pure Water Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects of Water-Filled Antennas

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the group of liquid antennas, water antennas have attracted tremendous popularity due to the excellent electrical and mechanical properties of water. Pure water is a high permittivity dielectric liquid which comprises high dielectric constant and very low electrical conductivity. While the electrical conductivity of pure water is very low, salt-water has good electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of salt-water can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of salt content (salinity) in the water solution. Both pure water and salt water has excellent optical transparency, liquidity, flexibility and easy availability, thus, become excellent candidates in antenna manufacturing. Pure water is utilized as the dielectric component of the antenna and generally used in the development of dielectric resonator antennas, whereas salt-water is used as the conductive part of the antenna replacing metallic conductors. Some antennas have also utilized both the pure water and salt water for improved performance. In the literature, different classes of antennas can be found that have been developed by utilizing water. In this review paper, we have highlighted the state-of-the-art designs of water-filled antennas, highlighted the major challenges towards the development of water-filled antennas and presented the novel applications and prospects of water-filled antennas.

show abstract

Section: Pure Water Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference [39] explored a novel high gain water horn antenna having pattern reconfigurability. The walls of this horn antenna were realized by using pure water instead of traditional metals, this is the unique feature of this demonstrated antenna.…”

Section: Reconfigurable Water Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects of Water-Filled Antennas

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reconfigurability is always the concern in the design of water antenna due to its fluidity. Numerous water antennas with tunable operational frequency or radiation pattern and polarization 2,3 reconfigurability have been proposed. A mutifunctional seawater antenna is proposed in Shen's previous work, 4 which resonant frequency can be adjusted by changing the water height in an irregularly shaped container.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tunable water antenna

Lin

et al. 2023

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a pure water antenna with frequency reconfigurability, which is composed of a water resonator, L‐shaped feeder, and metal ground pad. An L‐shaped feeding structure is designed so that the working frequency can be adjusted by changing the water level of the resonator. The cross‐stack periodic water radiator structure improves the radiation efficiency by 2–4 dB compared with simple rectangular structure. The working frequency of this antenna is around 1 GHz, and will decrease by 17 MHz for every 5 mm increase in water level, which proves the feasibility of this antenna for water level monitoring. It has the potential for application in the field of wireless environmental monitoring for the Internet of Things.

show abstract

“…Interesting designs have been reported including a sea‐water monopole Yagi‐Uda antenna, 12 a transparent water horn antenna, 13 a water‐load antenna, 9 a central dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with two parasitic DRAs 14 and a wideband glass and liquid cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna 15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By tuning the liquid status of the antenna, frequency/polarization/ radiation pattern reconfigurability can be achieved. [8][9][10][11] Interesting designs have been reported including a sea-water monopole Yagi-Uda antenna, 12 a transparent water horn antenna, 13 a water-load antenna, 9 a central dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with two parasitic DRAs 14 and a wideband glass and liquid cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna. 15 Among the previously mentioned designs, liquid antennas face two main challenges: (1) limited working state (especially for pattern reconfigurable liquid antennas) and (2) liquid leakage or chemical reaction (as the feeding probe is directly inserted in the liquid).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high efficiency fluidly reconfigurable antenna with detached feeding

Huang

Xing

2022

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, a pure water antenna with a tunable radiation pattern is proposed, which combines the idea of the Yagi antenna and the reflector antenna to realize a steerable directional beam. By sufficiently utilizing the excellent features of water: fluidity, transparency, and reconfigurability, this proposed design achieves a 360° beam coverage. In addition, a detached feeding structure is introduced to effectively avoid liquid leakage and corrosion. This type of antenna has 25 different working states covering the working frequency from 2.36 to 2.6 GHz (S11 < −10 dB), a high radiation efficiency (70%), and a maximum realized gain of 5.8 dB. This design is expected to be a promising candidate for the internet of things applications.

show abstract

Pattern-Reconfigurable Water Horn Antenna

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects of Water-Filled Antennas

Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects of Water-Filled Antennas

A tunable water antenna

A high efficiency fluidly reconfigurable antenna with detached feeding

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About