Patterns in Mongolian nomadic household movement derived from GPS trajectories

Teickner, Henning; Knoth, Christian; Bartoschek, Thomas; Kraehnert, Kati; Vigh, Melinda; Purevtseren, Myagmartseren; Sugar, Munkhnaran; Pebesma, Edzer

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102270

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Animal husbandry relies on extensive production techniques, with animals grazing on open rangelands year-round. Most pastoralist households are either semi or fully nomadic, moving their herds between two and 25 times per year, typically using the same campsites (Fernández-Giménez, 1999;Teickner et al, 2020). In some years, some households conduct additional movements, beyond the regular annual cycle of nomadic movements, in order to avoid overgrazed pasture land or unfavorable weather conditions (Fernández-Giménez et al, 2015;Murphy, 2011).…”

Section: Empirical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile phone network expansion and agricultural income: A panel study

Fluhrer,

Kraehnert

2023

Agricultural Economics

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This study examines how the expansion of mobile phone networks affects rural development in Mongolia. The database is a detailed household panel survey with four waves implemented in western Mongolia, spanning the 2012–2021 period, which we combine with data on mobile phone towers. Our identification strategy exploits the uneven roll‐out of mobile phone networks across rural areas over time. Using a two‐way fixed effects approach, we show that network expansion strongly and significantly increases total household income of pastoralist households. The effect is driven by increased income from agriculture, particularly by higher producer prices for animal byproducts, improved access to transfer income, and increased household mobility. The expansion of mobile phone networks decreases income diversification among pastoralists. Instead, households specialize in agriculture. While findings suggest that investments in telecommunication infrastructure can help rural households to sustain a livelihood in the agricultural sector, the specialization in agriculture may increase households’ vulnerability to climate change.

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Section: Empirical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile phone network expansion and agricultural income: A panel study

Fluhrer,

Kraehnert

2023

Agricultural Economics

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“…Thus, specific studies are needed to characterize mobility patterns of uniquely mobile populations. For example, GPS loggers have been used to characterize travel patterns of mobile populations in Lao PDR, Mongolia, and Senegal [26][27][28]. While a large proportion of the world's mobile populations reside in Africa and some studies have documented the health challenges and general travel patterns of different mobile populations across Africa [10,12,13,16], few studies have quantified the movement patterns and possible relationship with infectious disease transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing mobility patterns and malaria risk factors in semi-nomadic populations of Northern Kenya

Meredith,

Wesolowski,

Okoth

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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While many studies have characterized mobility patterns and disease dynamics of settled populations, few have focused on more mobile populations. Highly mobile groups are often at higher disease risk due to their regular movement that may increase the variability of their environments, reduce their access to health care, and limit the number of intervention strategies suitable for their lifestyles. Quantifying the movements and their associated disease risks will be key to developing interventions more suitable for mobile populations. Turkana, Kenya is an ideal setting to characterize these relationships. While the vast, semi-arid county has a large mobile population (>60%) and was recently shown to have endemic malaria, the relationship between mobility and malaria risk in this region has not yet been defined. Here, we worked with 250 semi-nomadic households from four communities in Central Turkana to 1) characterize mobility patterns of travelers and 2) test the hypothesis that semi-nomadic individuals are at greater risk of malaria exposure when migrating with their herds than when staying at their semi-permanent settlements. Participants provided medical and travel histories, demographics, and a dried blood spot for malaria testing before and after the travel period. Further, a subset of travelers was given GPS loggers to document their routes. Four travel patterns emerged from the logger data, Long Term, Transient, Day trip, and Static, with only Long Term and Transient trips being associated with malaria cases detected in individuals who carried GPS devices. After completing their trips, travelers had a higher prevalence of malaria than those who remained at the household (9.2% vs 4.4%), regardless of gender and age. These findings highlight the need to develop intervention strategies amenable to mobile lifestyles that can ultimately help prevent the transmission of malaria.

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“…Mongolia is an LMIC with a population of 3 million and a national poverty rate of 28.4%. Poverty is more prevalent in rural areas (31%) where a quarter of the country’s population are nomadic herders 2. Due to a long trend of urban migration, half of the population is concentrated in the capital, Ulaanbaatar (UB).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poverty is more prevalent in rural areas (31%) where a quarter of the country’s population are nomadic herders. 2 Due to a long trend of urban migration, half of the population is concentrated in the capital, Ulaanbaatar (UB). Many migrants chose UB over other cities for better access to healthcare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a baseline for surgical care in Mongolia: a situational analysis using the six indicators from the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesTo inform national planning, six indicators posed by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery were collected for the Mongolian surgical system. This situational analysis shows one lower middle-income country’s ability to collect the indicators aided by a well-developed health information system.DesignAn 11-year retrospective analysis of the Mongolian surgical system using data from the Health Development Center, National Statistics Office and Household Socio-Economic Survey. Access estimates were based on travel time to capable hospitals. Provider density, surgical volume and postoperative mortality were calculated at national and regional levels. Protection against impoverishing and catastrophic expenditures was assessed against standard out-of-pocket expenditure at government hospitals for individual operations.SettingMongolia’s 81 public hospitals with surgical capability, including tertiary, secondary and primary/secondary facilities.ParticipantsAll operative patients in Mongolia’s public hospitals, 2006–2016.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were national-level results of the indicators. Secondary outcomes include regional access; surgeons, anaesthesiologists and obstetricians (SAO) density; surgical volume; and perioperative mortality.ResultsIn 2016, 80.1% of the population had 2-hour access to essential surgery, including 60% of those outside the capital. SAO density was 47.4/100 000 population. A coding change increased surgical volume to 5784/100 000 population, and in-hospital mortality decreased from 0.27% to 0.14%. All households were financially protected from caesarean section. Appendectomy carried 99.4% and 98.4% protection, external femur fixation carried 75.4% and 50.7% protection from impoverishing and catastrophic expenditures, respectively. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy carried 42.9% protection from both.ConclusionsMongolia meets national benchmarks for access, provider density, surgical volume and postoperative mortality with notable limitations. Significant disparities exist between regions. Unequal access may be efficiently addressed by strengthening or building key district hospitals in population-dense areas. Increased financial protections are needed for operations involving hardware or technology. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation will support the development of context-specific interventions to improve surgical care in Mongolia.

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Patterns in Mongolian nomadic household movement derived from GPS trajectories

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Mobile phone network expansion and agricultural income: A panel study

Mobile phone network expansion and agricultural income: A panel study

Characterizing mobility patterns and malaria risk factors in semi-nomadic populations of Northern Kenya

Establishing a baseline for surgical care in Mongolia: a situational analysis using the six indicators from the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery

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