In memory of my father and grandfather who always wanted there to be a "doctor" in the family. I just wish they had been here to see it happen. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the help and generosity of a great number of individuals, institutions, and organizations. First and foremost, I am indebted to Margaret Beck and Matthew E. Hill for their belief and confidence in my success and their years of mentorship and encouragement. Their commentary and honest advice have made me a better archaeologist and this dissertation would not have been possible without their guidance. I would also like to thank my committee members, Katina Lillios, Glenn Storey, and Lauren Ritterbush for their support, comments, and encouragement on this project. Lauren set me on this path when I was an undergraduate and has continued to provide invaluable encouragement throughout my graduate career. I would also like to extend my thanks to the following people for their generosity in providing me with data, advice, and thought-provoking conversations: Sunday Eiselt,