Patterns of adolescent drug use in Middle America.

Hager, David L.

doi:10.1037/h0031218

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Official statistics generally report different patterns of delinquent involvement for boys and girls, with boys involved primarily in property and violent offenses (Barker and Adams, 1962;Cockburn and Maclay, 1965; Gibbons and Griswold, 1957) and girls involved in sex and home-related offenses (Barker and Adams, 1962; Cavan and Cavan, 1968;Cockburn and Maclay, 1965; Conway and Bogdan, 1977;Gibbons and Griswold, 1957;Hoffman-Bustamante, 1973;Smart, 1976;Vedder and Somerville, 1975). In contrast, SRD studies report greater similarity in the patterns of delinquent involvement for males and females (Campbell, 1977;Gold, 1970;Hager et al, 1971;Hindelang, 1971; Jensen and Eve, 1976;Shover & Norland, 1978; Wise, 1967).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex Differences in Self‐Report Delinquency

Canter¹

1982

Criminology

114

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This study describes the distribution, nature, pattern, and magnitude of sex differences in self-report delinquency. A national probability sample of 1725 youths, ages 11-17, was interviewed using a comprehensive measure of self-report delinquency including serious and violent crimes. Major findings include (1) small but consistent sex differences in numerous delinquent behaviors and in most types of delinquent behavior due to higher offense frequencies of males and greater numbers of male offenders, (2) generally similar patterns of male and female delinquency (r = .82).(3) sex differences in the proportion of high-frequency offenders, (4) few interaction effects of sex with other demographic variables, and (5) stable sex differences in certain delinquent acts across a decade.The debate over the nature, magnitude, and distribution of sex differences in delinquency continues, despite a proliferation of studies. While there is general agreement between official and self-report studies that males are involved in more delinquency than females, there is widespread disagreement over the magnitude and nature of the sex difference. Indeed, the controversy extends to the very method (official or selfreport measures) that is best suited to resolve the debate.Studies using official and self-report measures of delinquency agree that males are involved in substantially more delinquent behavior than females, but disagree as to the magnitude of this difference. In official statistics malejfemale ratios generally fall within the range of 3:l to 7:l (Cockburn and Maclay, 1965;Edwards, 1973;Wattenberg and Saunders, 1954;Wolfgang, 1979). The 1978 Uniform Crime Reports indicate a maldfemale ratio of 3.6:l for youth under 18 (US. Department of Justice, 1979). Malejfemale ratios observed in self-report delinquency AUTHORS NOTE: The author i s indebted to Drs. D. Wayne Osgood, David Huizinga, and Hart Weichselbaum for their valuable comments on earlier drafts of this article.

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confidence: 98%

Sex Differences in Self‐Report Delinquency

Canter¹

1982

Criminology

114

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“…As in previous studies which have used similar methods, internal consistency, expected theoretical relationships, and a low incidence of incomplete or obviously distorted responses tended to lend support for the validity of the questionnaire data (Hager, Vener, and Stewart, 1971;Clark and Tifft, 1966;Carman, 1968). Product-moment correlations were then calculated between freedom of movement measures (average disjunctions for each goal area) and drug-use scores.…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 79%

Values, Expectations, and Drug Use Among High School Students in a Rural Community

Carman

1974

International Journal of the Addictions

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Rotter's Social Learning Theory of Personality was used to investigate relationships among values for certain goals, expectations for achieving these goals, and self-reported drug use among high school students. It was hypothesized that students with low "freedom of movement" in important goal areas (low expectations and high values) would report (1) heavier drug usage, (2) more frequent periods of intoxication, and (3) more drug-related social complications. Support for the hypothesis was found. Low freedom of movement in the goal area of recognition-achievement did correlate with drug use in the predicted fashion, especially in the case of barbiturate and hallucinogen use. 57

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“…In addition, as Heger, Vener, and Stewart [3] have demonstrated, the extent of use of a particular drug depends on locality of residence, which may be related t o drug availability.…”

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confidence: 97%

Patterns and Correlates of Drug Use among Urban High School Students

1973

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A drug-use survey was administered in a large metropolitan, middle class high school to test two hypotheses: a. drug users can be divided according to the types of drugs used (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana vs. opiates, LSD, amphetamines, etc.); and, b. respondents' drug use is significantly related to their peers drug use. Both hypotheses were supported. Reports of personal drug use were factor analyzed dividing drug use into two categories. Intercorrelations of students' own drug use with reported parental, sibling, and peer drug use all revealed significant relationships. Peer drug use correlated the highest, followed by sibling and parental drug use. A number of implications of these results far the organization of high school drug programs and for counseling drug users were discussed.While it is clear that drug use is a crucial problem among today's high school students, and the demographic characteristics of adolescent drug users have been summarized [l] , the patterns of drug use as well as the factors relating to these patterns are less clear. Blum [2] contends that psychoactive drug use tends to be multiple, and the knowledge of which drugs are used in combination has crucial implications for drug education and treatment

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Patterns of adolescent drug use in Middle America.

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Sex Differences in Self‐Report Delinquency

Sex Differences in Self‐Report Delinquency

Values, Expectations, and Drug Use Among High School Students in a Rural Community

Patterns and Correlates of Drug Use among Urban High School Students

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