Patterns of Cryptosporidium antigen and oocyst excretion in calves studied by reverse passive haemagglutination and light microscopy

Farrington, M.; Lloyd, S.; Winters, Scott; Smith, Jacob W.; Rubenstein, David

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(94)00778-b

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Similar irregular shedding patterns of Cryptosporidium oocysts have been observed in calves (Farrington et al 1995) and in healthy volunteers (Chappell et al 1996). In healthy volunteers the sheddding of Cryptosporidium oocysts was reported to vary from 5.5´10 4 to as high as 3.3´10 9 .…”

supporting

confidence: 56%

Irregular shedding of Blastocystis hominis

Vennila¹,

Kumar²,

Anuar³

et al. 1999

Parasitology Research

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The shedding pattern of the protozoan parasite, Blastocystis hominis, is investigated in man and in experimental animal infections. The shedding pattern of the vacuolar and cystic forms of Blastocystis hominis in infected individuals have been shown in the present study to be irregular. The study shows that there is marked fluctuation in the shedding of the parasite from day to day, varying from as high as 17 to 0 per x40 microscopic field. The cystic stages when estimated in 8 Blastocystis-infected individuals ranged from as high as 7.4x10(5) cysts per gram of stool to 0. The shedding of cystic and vacuolar forms observed over a period of 20 days in experimentally-infected Wistar rats were not only shown to be irregular but the amount varied from host to host. The study has important diagnostic implications in that the stool samples must be collected more than once from patients showing clinical signs and symptoms to eliminate the cause of it to Blastocystis. The study also shows that there are asymptomatic individuals who pass a large amount of cysts as such individuals should be treated to prevent transmission to others.

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supporting

confidence: 56%

Irregular shedding of Blastocystis hominis

Vennila¹,

Kumar²,

Anuar³

et al. 1999

Parasitology Research

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“…We have previously demonstrated irregular shedding of Blastocystis reported in infected persons which showed that the parasite numbers and forms do fluctuate daily in stools collected from the same individual (Vennila et al 1999) almost similar to that seen in Cryptosporidium parvum infections in experimental calves (Farrington et al 1995) and in healthy human volunteers (Chappell et al 1996). The fortunate ability to collect stools daily from a Blastocystis-infected volunteer provided us an opportunity to assess transformational changes at the ultrastructural level from vacuolar to cystic in stools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

In vivo encystation of Blastocystis hominis

et al. 2009

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Blastocystis from infected stools of a person who showed chronic symptoms of abdominal discomfort and diarrhea were examined over a 6-month period, using transmission electron microscopy, for the ultrastructural changes from vacuolar to cystic stage. The study confirms the irregular shedding phenomenon of the organism previously reported, and for the first time, records sequential changes in encystation in stools collected over a time period. The study also confirms the existence of a precystic stage which has an immature cell wall consisting of a layer of a homogenous electron-dense mass surrounding the cell which acts as a intermediatory stage between the vacuolar and cystic stage.

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“…More than 90% of dairy farms and 40% of beef farms are endemically infected with Cryptosporidium 13 . Approximately half of dairy calves between the ages of1 and 3 weeks are actively shedding oocysts at any time 14–16 . Not only are young animals more likely to be infected with Cryptosporidium and develop cryptosporidiosis, but in many instances the species causing infections vary with host age.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestations Of Cryptosporidiosis In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis in People: It's Not Just About the Cows

Chako

Tyler

Schultz

et al. 2010

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most common causes of infectious diarrhea in people. Although dairy calves are high-risk hosts, the role of other livestock, pets, and humans in the disease should not be underestimated. Some Cryptosporidium species and strains are specific to people, others are specific to animals while some are zoonotic pathogens. Cryptosporidium hominis is the species responsible for the majority of human cases in the United States, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia, while Cryptosporidium parvum accounts for more human cases in Europe and particularly in the United Kingdom. A deeper understanding of Cryptosporidium host range, reservoirs, and transmission is needed to develop preventive strategies to protect the general public.

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Patterns of Cryptosporidium antigen and oocyst excretion in calves studied by reverse passive haemagglutination and light microscopy

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Irregular shedding of Blastocystis hominis

Irregular shedding of Blastocystis hominis

In vivo encystation of Blastocystis hominis

Cryptosporidiosis in People: It's Not Just About the Cows

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