Cryptosporidiosis in People: It's Not Just About the Cows

Chako, C.Z.; Tyler, Jeff W.; Schultz, Loren G.; Chiguma, L.; Beerntsen, Brenda T.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0431.x

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…[19,20], which is highly relevant as regards risk of zoonotic infection since young calves primarily shed the zoonotic C. parvum whereas older cattle excrete more host specific species. It is thus expected that transmission of Cryptosporidium may occur from young calves to humans, particularly those occupied in the livestock industry, and the present case is in agreement with similar observations in other countries [1,21,22]. Although not officially reported, several veterinary students attending farm visits arranged by the Estonian University of Life Sciences have experienced clinical symptoms consistent with cryptosporidiosis after visiting cattle farms in Estonia.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

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Cryptosporidiosis – an occupational risk and a disregarded disease in Estonia

2014

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BackgroundCases of cryptosporidiosis have not been officially reported in Estonia after the year 2000, and the disease appears to be either under-diagnosed or under-reported.FindingsBased on a human case of cryptosporidiosis contracted during faecal sampling in dairy farms, cattle considered to be sources of infection were analysed for Cryptosporidium spp. by a modified Ziehl Neelsen technique and molecular typing. C. parvum subtype IIaA16G1R1 was detected from the human case and from calves from one of nine farms enrolled in the study providing strong circumstantial evidence of zoonotic transmission from calves to humans.ConclusionCryptosporidiosis presents an occupational risk to people with cattle contact, and may also be a risk to the human population in general. Thus increased public and medical awareness is warranted.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In humans, cryptosporidiosis is most commonly caused by either C. hominis , which is predominantly host specific, or the zoonotic C. parvum which is highly prevalent in young calves and much less host specific [1]. In 2007, environmentally robust C. spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis – an occupational risk and a disregarded disease in Estonia

2014

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“…The high estimation of prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in this study could be attributed to the ability of protozoa oocysts to survive for a long period in the faeces and environment, moreover, the low dose of the oocysts needed to cause infection (Chako et al, 2010). Results revealed that infection rate across regions ranged from 45.16% to 64.70% with no significant differences (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Cattle and their Breeders

Hussin¹,

Khalaf²,

Ali³

2016

J. Anim. Health Prod.

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| A study was conducted to identify the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. as well as to investigate the effect of the region, age and sex on the infection rate in cattle and their breeders. A total of 288 samples (200 samples for cattle and 88 samples for their breeders) were collected during November 2014 to May 2015. Results showed a significant difference in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle (57%) and their breeders (32.95%). The effect of age on infection rate in cattle was significant (P<0.01). The highest infection rate (75.68%) was shown in the early age category (less than 1 year), while the lowest (43.47%) was found in age ≥6 years. In general, the infection rate dropped gradually with advanced age until reached the lowest estimation in the older age (≥6 years). On the other hand, the effects of region and sex were not significant. Concerning the cattle breeders all studied effects were not significant.

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“…Although cryptosporidiosis is important in the human population of East Africa, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, in studies in which the species of Cryptosporidium has been investigated, the vast majority of infections in people in subSaharan Africa appear to be with C. hominis (Mor and Tzipori, 2008;Chako et al, 2010). This information, in combination with an apparent lack of difference in prevalence of Cryptosporidium infections between urban and rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa (Mor and Tzipori, 2008), suggests that human infection is largely anthropogenic, and, thus, that zoonotic infections in cattle are perhaps rather limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected results from large-scale cryptosporidiosis screening study in calves in Tanzania

Chang’a

Robertson

Mtambo

et al. 2011

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

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A study was undertaken to investigate Cryptosporidium infection in crossbreed dairy calves in two districts in Tanzania. A total of 943 fecal samples from 601 dairy calves were included in the study, with calves from both smallholder dairy farms and from large-scale and medium-scale dairy farms. The modified Ziehl-Neelsen (mZN) technique was used to examine 710 samples, and 13 of these were considered to be positive for Cryptosporidium. These 13 samples considered positive by mZN, along with the remaining 233 samples, were analysed by immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Of these 246 samples examined by IFAT, 15 samples, 10 of which were considered positive by mZN, were also examined by the auramine phenol technique, and 5 samples, all of which were considered positive by mZN, were analysed by PCR. The results from the IFAT, auramine phenol and PCR analyses demonstrated that none of the samples contained Cryptosporidium oocysts, indicating that, cryptosporidiosis is currently not a problem in dairy calves in these regions of Tanzania. These unexpected results are discussed with respect to other reports on cryptosporidiosis in calves that suggest that this parasite is a serious calf disease globally, and particularly in relation to studies from Tanzania. We suggest that results from studies of cattle in Tanzania, in which mZN has been used as the sole analytical method, should be treated with caution.

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Cryptosporidiosis in People: It's Not Just About the Cows

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

Cryptosporidiosis – an occupational risk and a disregarded disease in Estonia

Cryptosporidiosis – an occupational risk and a disregarded disease in Estonia

Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Cattle and their Breeders

Unexpected results from large-scale cryptosporidiosis screening study in calves in Tanzania

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